Possessives: vety, cvičenia, testy a príklady

Possessives: my vs mine používame

Privlastňovacie výrazy nám pomáhajú povedať, komu niečo patrí. Táto téma porovnáva dve podobné skupiny: privlastňovacie determinátory pred podstatným menom a privlastňovacie zámená, ktoré nahrádzajú celý menný výraz.

This is my phone.
Toto je môj telefón.
This phone is mine.
Tento telefón je môj.
Is it your bag? Is it yours?
Je to tvoja taška? Je tvoja?
Her book is old. Hers is old.
Jej kniha je stará. Jej je stará.

Possessives: my vs mine Forma

Privlastňovací determinant vždy stojí pred podstatným menom: moje auto, ich dom. Privlastňovacie zámeno stojí samostatne a nahrádza determinant + podstatné meno: moje = moje auto, ich = ich dom.

Osobné zámeno Pred podstatným menom Bez podstatného mena Príklad
I my mine It is my car. / It is mine.
you your yours Is this your charger? / Is it yours?
he his his It is his phone. / It is his.
she her hers It is her book. / It is hers.
it its — The dog has its bowl. / The dog has its own bowl.
we our ours It is our camera. / It is ours.
they their theirs It is their house. / It is theirs.

my phone → mine
your bag → yours
her book → hers
their house → theirs

Hlavný rozdiel

Formulár Pozícia Príklad
my / your / his / her / its / our / their pred podstatným menom This is my phone.
mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs samostatne, bez podstatného mena This phone is mine.

Possessives: my vs mine Pravidlo

  • Použite privlastňovacie zámená pred podstatným menom, aby ste vyjadrili, komu niečo patrí.

    possessive determiner + noun

    This is my phone.
    Toto je môj telefón.
    He is in his room.
    Je vo svojej izbe.
    Children brushed their teeth and went to bed.
    Deti si umyli zuby a išli spať.
  • Nepoužívajte a / an / the pred privlastňovacím determinátorom. Privlastňovací determinátor už podstatné meno identifikuje.
    ✅ Is this your hat?
    ❌ Is this the your hat?
  • Použite privlastňovacie zámená, keď je podstatné meno už zrejmé a nemusíte ho opakovať.

    possessive determiner + noun → possessive pronoun

    My charger is black. Mine is black.
    Moja nabíjačka je čierna. Moja je čierna.
    Her book is old. Hers is old.
    Jej kniha je stará. Jej je stará.
    I cannot find their house. I cannot find theirs.
    Nemôžem nájsť ich dom. Nemôžem nájsť ten ich.
  • His má rovnaký tvar: his phone a the phone is his. Ale her a hers sú odlišné: her phone, ale the phone is hers.
    Is this his jacket? Yes, it is his.
    Je toto jeho bunda? Áno, je jeho.
    Is this her jacket? Yes, it is hers.
    Je toto jej bunda? Áno, je jej.
  • Použite its pre jednu vec, organizáciu, miesto alebo zviera, keď nezdôrazňujete pohlavie zvieraťa. Použite their pre viacerých ľudí alebo vecí.
    Holland is famous for its tulips.
    Holandsko je známe svojimi tulipánmi.
    I have two dogs. Their names are Phil and Bard.
    Mám dvoch psov. Volajú sa Phil a Bard.
  • Its a it's sú odlišné. Its vyjadruje vlastníctvo veci alebo zvieraťa. It's = it is alebo it has.
    ✅ The company has its own gym.
    ✅ It's a good company. (= it is)
  • Privlastňovacie zámená nepoužívajú apostrofy: vaše, naše, ich. Tvary ako vašeho, nášho a ichho sú nesprávne.
    ✅ This bag is yours.
    ❌ This bag is your's.
  • Po privlastňovacom determinátore môže byť podstatné meno v jednotnom čísle, množnom čísle alebo nepočítateľné.
    My phone is new.
    Môj telefón je nový.
    My shoes are wet.
    Moje topánky sú mokré.
    My coffee is cold.
    Moja káva je studená.

Possessives: my vs mine Otázky

Na otázku o vlastníctve použite Whose...?. V odpovedi môžete použiť mennú frázu s privlastňovacím určovacím slovom alebo kratšie privlastňovacie zámeno.

Whose + noun + is it?
Whose + noun + are they?
Is it + possessive pronoun?
Are they + possessive pronoun?

A: Whose phone is it?
B: It is my phone. / It is mine.
A: Is this your charger?
B: No, mine is black.
A: Is the book hers?
B: Yes, it is Bella's.
A: Whose bags are these?
B: They are ours.
A: Are these their keys?
B: Yes, they are theirs.

Possessives: my vs mine Typické chyby

Bežné chyby vznikajú, keď sa privlastňovacie zámeno v určovacej funkcii použije bez podstatného mena, samostatné privlastňovacie zámeno sa použije pred podstatným menom alebo sa zamieňajú dvojice ako jej / jej, tvoj / tvoj a ich / ich.

❌ It is she's book.
✅ It is her book.
❌ Whose flower is it? Is it your?
✅ Whose flower is it? Is it yours?
❌ No, I used my.
✅ No, I used mine.
❌ This is mine phone.
✅ This is my phone.
❌ This phone is my.
✅ This phone is mine.
❌ I have two dogs. Its names are Phil and Bard.
✅ I have two dogs. Their names are Phil and Bard.
❌ The company has it's own gym.
✅ The company has its own gym.
❌ This camera is their's.
✅ This camera is theirs.
❌ Is this the your hat?
✅ Is this your hat?
❌ I cannot find their.
✅ I cannot find their house. / I cannot find theirs.

Possessives: my vs mine Vety

Is your brother at school?
Je tvoj brat v škole?
He is in his room.
Je vo svojej izbe.
Dad gave him his phone.
Otec mu dal svoj telefón.
Where is my phone?
Kde je môj telefón?
My charger is black, but yours is white.
Moja nabíjačka je čierna, ale tvoja je biela.
Is the book hers?
Je tá kniha jej?
No, his is really old.
Nie, jeho je naozaj staré.
The dog has its own bowl.
Pes má svoju vlastnú misku.
Children brushed their teeth and went to bed.
Deti si umyli zuby a išli spať.
Our camera is new, but theirs is better.
Náš fotoaparát je nový, ale ich je lepší.
This notebook is not mine. It is hers.
Tento zošit nie je môj. Je jej.
Whose keys are these? Are they yours?
Čie sú toto kľúče? Sú tvoje?

Possessives: my vs mine Príklady

My laptop is on the table, but yours is in the bedroom.
Môj laptop je na stole, ale tvoj je v spálni.
Sarah forgot her umbrella, so I gave her mine.
Sarah si zabudla dáždnik, tak som jej dal svoj.
We cannot use their car today because they need it.
Dnes nemôžeme použiť ich auto, pretože ho potrebujú.
This is not our suitcase. Ours is much smaller.
Toto nie je náš kufor. Náš je oveľa menší.
Mark says the blue jacket is his.
Marek hovorí, že modrá bunda je jeho.
Anna is looking for her bag, but this one is not hers.
Anna hľadá svoju tašku, ale táto nie je jej.
The restaurant is famous for its seafood.
Reštaurácia je známa svojimi morskými plodmi.
They sold their old house and bought a new one.
Predali svoj starý dom a kúpili nový.
If you cannot find your pen, you can use mine.
Ak nemôžete nájsť svoje pero, môžete použiť moje.
Whose project is better, ours or theirs?
Čí projekt je lepší, náš alebo ich?

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Cvičenia anglickej gramatiky dostupné v aplikácii

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural