Modal Verbs: rečenice, vježbe, testovi i primjeri

Modal Verbs koristimo

U ovoj temi koristimo must, have to, don’t have to i mustn’t kako bismo govorili o obvezi, nužnosti, nepostojanju nužnosti i zabrani.

I must finish this report today.
Moram završiti ovo izvješće danas.
We have to leave early tomorrow.
Moramo sutra otići rano.
You don’t have to bring any food.
Ne moraš donijeti nikakvu hranu.
Visitors mustn’t touch the paintings.
Posjetitelji ne smiju dirati slike.

Modal Verbs Oblik

Must je modalni glagol. Nakon must i mustn’t, koristimo osnovni oblik glagola (V1) bez to. Have to je drugačija struktura: iza njega također dolazi glagol, ali se oblik glagola have mijenja: have to, has to, had to.

must + V1
mustn’t + V1
have to / has to / had to + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

She must call them now.
Ona ih mora sada nazvati.
He has to wear a uniform at work.
Na poslu mora nositi uniformu.
They had to cancel the meeting.
Morali su otkazati sastanak.
We didn’t have to wait long.
Nismo morali dugo čekati.

Modal Verbs Pravilo

  • Must koristi se za snažnu nužnost ili obvezu. Često pokazuje govornikovu vlastitu odluku, snažan osjećaj ili vrlo važno pravilo.
    I must talk to her today.
    Moram razgovarati s njom danas.
    Passengers must wear seat belts.
    Putnici moraju vezati sigurnosne pojaseve.
  • Morati se obično koristi kada obveza dolazi izvana: iz pravila, rasporeda, posla, škole, situacije ili od druge osobe.
    I have to get up at six for work.
    Moram ustati u šest zbog posla.
    She has to show her ID at the entrance.
    Mora pokazati svoju osobnu iskaznicu na ulazu.
  • Za prošlu obvezu obično koristimo had to. Obično ne koristimo must kada govorimo o obvezi u prošlosti.
    ✅ We had to leave early yesterday.
    ❌ We must leave early yesterday.
  • Mustn’t znači zabranu: nije dopušteno. To nije samo savjet, nego pravilo, zabrana ili vrlo snažna uputa da se nešto ne učini.
    You mustn’t park here.
    Ne smiješ ovdje parkirati.
    Students mustn’t use their phones during the test.
    Učenici ne smiju koristiti svoje telefone tijekom testa.
  • Ne moraš znači nema potrebe. Ovo je važno: ne moraš ne znači zabranu. Možeš učiniti tu radnju, ali nije nužno.
    ✅ You don’t have to come early. (it is optional)
    ✅ You mustn’t come early. (it is not allowed)
  • Nakon must i mustn’t koristimo samo V1 bez to. Nakon have to također koristimo glavni glagol u njegovu osnovnom obliku, ali sama struktura uključuje to.
    ❌ You must to go now.
    ✅ You must go now.
    ✅ We have to leave now.
  • Must se ne mijenja s subjektom: I must, she must, they must. Ali have to se mijenja: I have to, he has to, we had to.
    ✅ He must wait.
    ✅ He has to wait.
    ❌ He have to wait.
  • U pitanjima s must, glagol dolazi ispred subjekta: Must I ...? No u svakodnevnom engleskom, pitanja s have to često zvuče prirodnije: Do I have to ...?
    Must I finish this now?
    Moram li ovo završiti sada?
    Do we have to book in advance?
    Moramo li rezervirati unaprijed?

Modal Verbs Nijekanje

Postoje dvije različite vrste negativnog značenja u ovoj temi. Mustn’t = nije dopušteno, zabrana. Don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to = nije bilo / nije potrebno, tako da ne postoji obveza.

mustn’t + V1
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V1

You mustn’t tell anyone about this.
Ne smiješ nikome reći o ovome.
He doesn’t have to work on Sundays.
Ne mora raditi nedjeljom.
We didn’t have to pay for parking.
Nismo morali platiti parkiranje.

Modal Verbs Pitanja

Pitanja s must tvore se bez do. Pitanja s have to tvore se s do / does / did.

Must + subject + V1?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have to + V1?

Must I sign here?
Moram li se ovdje potpisati?
Do you have to wear a tie at work?
Moraš li nositi kravatu na poslu?
Does she have to come with us?
Mora li poći s nama?
Did they have to wait outside?
Jesu li morali čekati vani?

Modal Verbs Tipične pogreške

❌ You must to stop now.
✅ You must stop now.
❌ We haven’t to wear a uniform.
✅ We don’t have to wear a uniform.
❌ Do I must pay now?
✅ Must I pay now?
❌ He doesn’t has to come.
✅ He doesn’t have to come.
❌ We must go home yesterday.
✅ We had to go home yesterday.
❌ You don’t have to smoke here. (if you mean prohibition)
✅ You mustn’t smoke here.
❌ She mustn’t to touch it.
✅ She mustn’t touch it.

Modal Verbs Rečenice

I must remember to call my dentist.
Moram se sjetiti nazvati svog zubara.
We have to change trains in Berlin.
Moramo presjesti u Berlinu.
You don’t have to hurry; we still have time.
Ne moraš žuriti; još uvijek imamo vremena.
Visitors mustn’t feed the animals.
Posjetitelji ne smiju hraniti životinje.
She has to wear glasses for reading.
Mora nositi naočale za čitanje.
Must we bring our passports?
Moramo li ponijeti svoje putovnice?
They had to stay at the airport overnight.
Morali su ostati na aerodromu preko noći.
He doesn’t have to cook tonight.
Ne mora kuhati večeras.
You mustn’t open this door.
Ne smiješ otvoriti ova vrata.
Do I have to fill in all the boxes?
Moram li ispuniti sva polja?

Modal Verbs Primjeri

I must finish this email before lunch.
Moram završiti ovaj e-mail prije ručka.
My brother has to travel a lot for work.
Moj brat mora puno putovati zbog posla.
You don’t have to bring a gift to the party.
Ne moraš donijeti poklon na zabavu.
Employees mustn’t share their passwords with anyone.
Zaposlenici ne smiju dijeliti svoje lozinke ni s kim.
We had to walk because there were no taxis.
Morali smo pješice jer nije bilo taksija.
Does he have to wear a suit every day?
Mora li svaki dan nositi odijelo?
You must be quiet in the library.
Moraš biti tih u knjižnici.
I don’t have to work this Saturday.
Ne moram raditi ove subote.
Students mustn’t copy answers during the exam.
Učenici ne smiju prepisivati odgovore tijekom ispita.
Why did they have to leave so early?
Zašto su morali otići tako rano?

Vježbe engleske gramatike dostupne u aplikaciji

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural