Quantifiers 使用
量词是表示数量的词语和短语：很多、很少、几个、足够、太多，或过多。它们有助于回答多少？和多少个？这两个问题。
There is too much rain and not enough sun in London.
伦敦雨水太多，阳光不够。
伦敦雨水太多，阳光不够。
I have too much work today. There are too many tasks and not enough time.
我今天工作太多了。任务太多，时间不够。
我今天工作太多了。任务太多，时间不够。
The green hat was too big, but the blue hat was big enough.
那顶绿帽子太大了，但那顶蓝帽子够大。
那顶绿帽子太大了，但那顶蓝帽子够大。
We have a few apples and a little milk.
我们有几个苹果和一点牛奶。
我们有几个苹果和一点牛奶。
Quantifiers 形式
主要规则是：首先检查你所用的名词属于哪一种——可数名词还是不可数名词。
| 名词类型 | 使用 | 示例 |
| 可数名词 | many, too many, several, a few, few, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough | many tasks too many cars a few friends enough chairs |
| 不可数名词 | much, too much, a little, a bit of, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough | much time too much rain a little milk enough money |
countable plural: many / too many / a few + plural noun
uncountable: much / too much / a little + uncountable noun
There are too many toys in our son's room.
我们儿子的房间里玩具太多了。
我们儿子的房间里玩具太多了。
You added too much salt to this soup.
你往这汤里加了太多盐。
你往这汤里加了太多盐。
We baked enough cakes for all the guests.
我们烤了足够所有客人的蛋糕。
我们烤了足够所有客人的蛋糕。
We didn't have enough time to finish the test.
我们没有足够的时间完成测试。
我们没有足够的时间完成测试。
形容词／副词与 too 和 enough 的用法
| 表单 | 含义 | 示例 |
| too + adjective / adverb | 过多，超过必要的程度 | This tea is too hot. |
| adjective / adverb + enough | 足够地，足够 | The blue hat was big enough. |
| not + adjective / adverb + enough | 不够充分，不足够 | The Christmas tree isn't tall enough. |
| enough + noun | 足够的数量 / 数目 | We have enough money. |
The coffee is too hot. Don't drink it too fast.
咖啡太烫了。别喝得太快。
咖啡太烫了。别喝得太快。
He plays well enough to win the championship.
他的水平足以赢得冠军。
他的水平足以赢得冠军。
This house is cheap enough for Mary to buy.
这所房子便宜得玛丽买得起。
这所房子便宜得玛丽买得起。
Quantifiers 规则
-
与复数可数名词连用时，使用 many 和 too many。
many / too many + plural countable noun
There are too many cars on the road.
路上有太多汽车。How many students are there in your class?
你们班有多少学生？ -
对不可数名词使用 much 和 too much。
much / too much + uncountable noun
There is too much traffic in the city centre.
市中心交通太拥挤了。How much money do you need?
你需要多少钱？ -
太多和太多的意思是“超过必要的量”，而这通常是个问题。
I can't sleep because there is too much noise.
我睡不着，因为噪音太大了。There are too many people in this small room.
这个小房间里人太多了。 -
Enough 与名词连用时放在名词前面：enough money、enough seats、enough time。
enough + noun
I have enough money to buy a new laptop.
我有足够的钱买一台新笔记本电脑。There aren't enough seats in the room for everyone.
房间里没有足够的座位给每个人。 -
Enough 与形容词或副词连用时，放在其后面：big enough、quickly enough、interesting enough。
adjective / adverb + enough
The red hat wasn't big enough.
那顶红帽子不够大。You didn't talk quietly enough, so you woke the baby.
你说话不够轻，所以把宝宝吵醒了。 -
A few 用于复数可数名词，意思是“几个，少量，但足够”。
I have a few ideas for the project.
我对这个项目有几个想法。We invited a few friends to dinner.
我们邀请了几位朋友来吃晚饭。 -
A little 和 a bit of 用于不可数名词前，意思是“有一些，少量，但足够”。
There is a little milk in the fridge.
冰箱里有一点牛奶。We've got a bit of time before our train.
在我们的火车到来之前，我们还有一点时间。 -
不带 a 的 few 和 little 听起来更消极：“不多／不多，几乎没有，少于所需”。
She has few friends, so she feels lonely.
她几乎没有朋友，所以她感到孤独。We have little time, so we must hurry.
我们时间不多，所以必须快点。 -
很多和大量的既可用于可数名词，也可用于不可数名词。在日常英语中，在肯定句里，它们听起来通常比much和many更自然。
There are a lot of books on the shelf.
架子上有很多书。She gave me lots of useful information.
她给了我很多有用的信息。 -
Some 更常用于肯定句，而 any 常用于疑问句和否定句。但当我们预期得到肯定回答时，some 也可用于请求和提议中。
We bought some apples.
我们买了一些苹果。Do you have any questions?
你有什么问题吗？Would you like some tea?
你想喝点茶吗？
Quantifiers 否定
在否定句中，我们经常使用 not enough、not much、not many 和 not any。
-
not enough + 名词 的意思是“少于必要的数量或数目”。
We don't have enough time to finish the test.
我们没有足够的时间完成测试。There aren't enough chairs for everyone.
椅子不够每个人坐。 -
not + 形容词 / 副词 + enough 的意思是“在质量或程度上不足”。
This book is not interesting enough.
这本书不够有趣。You didn't write clearly enough.
你写得不够清楚。 -
对于不可数名词用 not much，对于复数可数名词用 not many。
There isn't much food left.
剩下的食物不多了。There aren't many people in the office today.
今天办公室里没多少人。 -
Any 经常用在否定动词后面。
I don't have any money with me.
我身上没有钱。We didn't buy any vegetables.
我们没有买任何蔬菜。
Quantifiers 问题
询问数量时，可数名词用 How many...?，不可数名词用 How much...?。
How many + plural countable noun + ...?
How much + uncountable noun + ...?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have + enough + noun?
Is / Are + subject + too + adjective?
How many tasks do you have today?
你今天有多少任务？
你今天有多少任务？
How much work do you have today?
你今天有多少工作要做？
你今天有多少工作要做？
Do we have enough time?
我们有足够的时间吗？
我们有足够的时间吗？
Are there enough seats for everyone?
每个人都有足够的座位吗？
每个人都有足够的座位吗？
Is the coffee too hot?
咖啡太烫了吗？
咖啡太烫了吗？
Would you like some tea?
你想喝点茶吗？
你想喝点茶吗？
Quantifiers 常见错误
常见错误的发生，是因为学习者混淆了可数名词和不可数名词，或者把 enough 放错了位置。
❌ There are too much cars on the road.
✅ There are too many cars on the road.
❌ I have too many work today.
✅ I have too much work today.
❌ I have not money enough to buy a laptop.
✅ I don't have enough money to buy a laptop.
❌ The Christmas tree isn't enough tall.
✅ The Christmas tree isn't tall enough.
❌ We have a few time before the train.
✅ We have a little time before the train.
❌ There is a little chairs in the room.
✅ There are a few chairs in the room.
❌ Do you have some questions?
✅ Do you have any questions?
在中性疑问句中，我们通常用any。在请求或提议中，some也是可以的：您想来点茶吗？
❌ She gave me many useful information.
✅ She gave me a lot of useful information.
✅ She gave me much useful information. (correct, but more formal / less common in everyday speech)
Quantifiers 句子
I don't like this weather. There is too much rain and not enough sun.
我不喜欢这种天气。雨太多了，阳光却不够。
我不喜欢这种天气。雨太多了，阳光却不够。
There are too many tasks on my list today.
我今天清单上的任务太多了。
我今天清单上的任务太多了。
We have enough money to buy the tickets.
我们有足够的钱买票。
我们有足够的钱买票。
There aren't enough seats for all the students.
没有足够的座位供所有学生使用。
没有足够的座位供所有学生使用。
The room is too noisy for studying.
房间里太吵了，没法学习。
房间里太吵了，没法学习。
She speaks slowly enough for everyone to understand.
她说得足够慢，大家都能听懂。
她说得足够慢，大家都能听懂。
I need a little time to think.
我需要一点时间想一想。
我需要一点时间想一想。
We bought a few sandwiches for the trip.
我们为这次旅行买了几个三明治。
我们为这次旅行买了几个三明治。
There isn't much sugar in this tea.
这茶里糖不多。
这茶里糖不多。
There aren't many shops near my house.
我家附近没有很多商店。
我家附近没有很多商店。
My brother has several books about space.
我哥哥有几本关于太空的书。
我哥哥有几本关于太空的书。
We have some bread, but we don't have any butter.
我们有一些面包，但我们没有黄油。
我们有一些面包，但我们没有黄油。
Quantifiers 例子
A: How much time do we have before the lesson?
B: We have a little time, but not much. Let's start now.
A: How many students are coming to the party?
B: I invited a few friends, but there aren't too many people.
A: Can we buy this laptop?
B: Yes, we have enough money. It is cheap enough for us.
A: Why can't you finish the test?
B: There are too many questions, and we don't have enough time.
The soup has too much salt, so it isn't tasty enough for the guests.
这汤盐放得太多了，所以对客人来说不够可口。
这汤盐放得太多了，所以对客人来说不够可口。
We brought a few bottles of water and a little food, but it wasn't enough for the whole day.
我们带了几瓶水和一点食物，但这还不足以撑过一整天。
我们带了几瓶水和一点食物，但这还不足以撑过一整天。
There were lots of people at the station, but there weren't many seats.
车站里有很多人，但座位不多。
车站里有很多人，但座位不多。
