Reported Speech 规则、例句、练习和测试

Reported speech 使用

我们用它来转述他人的话，通过改变句式，使其成为你文本的一部分，而不是直接引用。
即把直接引语改为间接引语。

Reported speech 形式

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V （必要时调整动词时态）

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech 规则

在英语中，间接引语不加引号，这与直接引语不同：

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech 时态的变化

直接引语 (Direct speech)	间接引语 (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ 时态不改变的情况

普遍真理、事实、自然规律。
如果某件事始终为真，则时态不改变：
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
当动作在说话时依然适用。
如果陈述现在仍然属实。
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. （因为她现在仍然住在那里）
如果从句使用过去进行时，在口语中动词时态可能不会发生变化。
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
他说：“我正在踢足球的时候，她给我打电话了。”。 He said that he was playing football when she called him.
他说她打电话给他的时候，他正在踢足球。
如果引述动词是现在时
在使用 says、tells、has said 时，时态不发生变化。
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech 情态动词

会发生变化的情态动词：

直接引语 (Direct speech)	间接引语 (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must （义务）	had to
must （表示命令或约定）	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

不发生变化的情态动词
（没有过去式）：
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech 代词

代词会根据说话者以及话语的对象而改变。

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech 时间和地点

the previous weektd>two days earlier

直接引语 (Direct speech)	间接引语 (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech 动词

后面接 that-clause 的动词 :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
后面接 to-infinitive 的动词:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech 否定

在实义动词前添加或保留 not
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
如果情态动词带有 not 的否定形式，就要改变情态动词并加上 not。
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
如果 not 表示语义而不是语法形式，我们就保留它。
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech 问题

在间接引语中，一般疑问句通过 if 或 whether 引入。疑问句的语序要改为陈述句的语序。
- 在一般的 Yes/No 疑问句中，当只是想知道“是还是不是”时，使用 if。
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- 当问题中包含选择或两种可能性时，使用 whether。
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
带有疑问词的问题（wh-questions）
Reporting verb + wh-word + 直接语序（无倒装）

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
一般疑问句（Yes/No questions）以 Do、Does、Did、Are、Is、Can、Will 等开头。
Reporting verb + if/whether + 直接语序

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech 祈使语气

肯定句: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

禁止: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech 常见错误

在疑问句中保留倒装
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
使用 “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
不要改变时态
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
不要替换代词
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech 句子

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech 例子

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: 句子、练习、测试和例句