Reported Speech ルール、例文、練習問題、テスト

Reported speech 使用する

他人の言葉を形を変えて言い換え、直接の引用ではなく文章の一部として組み込むために使います。
直接話法を間接話法に変えます。

Reported speech フォーム

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V （必要に応じて時制を変えて）

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech ルール

英語では間接話法は引用符を使いません。直接話法とは違います：

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech 時制の変化

直接話法 (Direct speech)	間接話法 (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ 時制が変わらない場合

普遍的な真理、事実、自然法則。
常に真実である場合、時制は変わりません：
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
発話時点でその行為が有効な場合。
その内容が今も真実である場合。
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. （彼女は今もそこに住んでいるから）
従属節が過去進行形の場合、会話では動詞の時制が変わらないことがあります。
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
彼は言った。「彼女が電話してきたとき、私はサッカーをしていた。」。 He said that he was playing football when she called him.
彼は、彼女が電話をかけてきたとき、サッカーをしていたと言いました。
報告動詞が現在形の場合
says、tells、has said のときは時制の変化がありません。
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech 法助動詞

変化する法助動詞：

直接話法 (Direct speech)	間接話法 (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must （義務）	had to
must （命令または取り決めを表す）	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

変化しない法助動詞
（過去形がない）：
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech 代名詞

代名詞は、話し手と、言葉が向けられている相手によって変わります。

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech 時間と場所

the previous weektd>two days earlier

直接話法 (Direct speech)	間接話法 (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech 動詞

that-clause が続く動詞 :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
to-infinitive が続く動詞:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech 否定

主要動詞の前に not を追加／保持する
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
モーダル動詞が not を使った否定形の場合、モーダルを変えて not を追加します。
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
not が文法ではなく意味を表している場合、そのまま残します。
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech 質問

間接話法では、一般的な「はい／いいえ」で答える質問は if または whether を使って導きます。質問文の語順は平叙文の語順に変わります。
- 単に「はいかいいえ」を知りたいだけの一般的な Yes/No 質問では if を使います。
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- 質問に選択肢や代わりとなる可能性がある場合、whether を使います。
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
疑問詞を使った質問（wh-questions）
Reporting verb + wh-word + 通常の語順（倒置なし）

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
一般疑問文（Yes/No questions） Do・Does・Did・Are・Is・Can・Will などで始まります。
Reporting verb + if/whether + 通常の語順

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech 命令法

肯定文: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

禁止: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech よくある間違い

疑問文で倒置を残す
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
“said me” を使う
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
時制を変えない
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
代名詞を変えない
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech 文

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech 例文

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: 文、練習問題、テスト、例文