Reported Speech: weedho, jimicsiyo, imtixaano iyo tusaalooyin

Reported speech isticmaalno

Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo gudbiyo hadalka qof kale iyadoo la beddelayo qaabkiisa si uu uga mid noqdo qoraalkaaga halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa tilmaam toos ah.
Waxaan u beddelnaa hadalka tooska ah mid dadban.

Reported speech Foom

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (haddii loo baahdo iyadoo la beddelayo waqtiga hadalka)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Xeer

Af Ingiriisi, hadalka aan tooska ahayn looma geliyo calaamadaha xigashada, ka duwan hadalka tooska ah:
George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”
George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Isbeddelada waqtiyada

Hadalkii tooska ahaa
(Direct speech) 		Hadallo dadban
(Reported speech)
Present Simple
I know 		Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go would he said he would go

❗ Marka waqtigu is beddelin

  • Xaqiiqooyin guud, xaqiiqooyin, sharciyada dabeecadda.
    Haddii wax had iyo jeer run yihiin — waqtigu isma beddelo:
    The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
  • Marka falalku weli khuseeyo marka la hadlayo.
    Haddii bayaanku weli run yahay hadda.
    I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (maxaa yeelay weli halkaas bay ku nooshahay)
  • Haddii weedha hoos timaaddaa ku jirto Past Continuous, hadalka caadiga ahi ma beddeli karo wakhtiga falka.
    He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
    Wuxuu yiri, “Waxaan cayaarayay kubbadda cagta markii ay i soo wacday.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
    Wuxuu yiri wuxuu ciyaarayay kubbadda cagta markii ay wacday.
  • Haddii falka warbixintu uu joogo hadda
    Marka la isticmaalo says, tells, has said wakhtigu isma beddelo.
    I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Falalka modalka

  • Falalka modalka ee isbeddelaya:
    Hadalkii tooska ahaa
    (Direct speech)     		Hadallo dadban
    (Reported speech)
    will would
    can could
    may might
    shall should
    must
    (waajib)     		had to
    must
    (muujinaya amar
    ama heshiis)     		was to
    He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.
    She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.
    John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.
    I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.
    My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.
    The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.
  • Falalka modalka ee ISMA BEDDELAAN
    (ma leh qaabkii hore):
    could, should, would, might, ought to
    “I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.
    “You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.
    “I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.
    “It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.
    “You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Magac-u-yaal

Magac-u-yaalladu way is beddelaan iyadoo ku xidhan cidda hadlaysa iyo cidda erayadu ku wajahan yihiin.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Waqti iyo goob

the previous weektd>two days earlier
Hadalkii tooska ahaa
(Direct speech) 		Hadallo dadban
(Reported speech)
todaythat day
yesterdaythe day before
tomorrowthe next day
nowthen
last week
tonightthat night
two days ago
herethere
thisthat
thesethose
“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.
I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.
I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.
I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.
I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.
I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.
I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.
Come here. She told him to come there.
This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.
I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Ficillo

  • Ficillo oo uu raaco that-clause :
    say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
    I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
  • Ficillo oo uu raaco to-infinitive:
    advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
    Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Diidmo

  • Kudar / sii hay not ka hor falka weyn
    I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
  • Haddii falka modalka uu leeyahay diidmo leh not, waxaan beddelnaa falka modalka oo ku darnay not.
    I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
  • Haddii not uu la xiriirayo macnaha, ee uusan ahayn naxwaha — waan ka tagnaa.
    Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Su'aalo

  • Hadalka la soo xigtay, su’aalaha guud (haa/maya) waxaa lagu soo bandhigaa if ama whether. Habka erayada su’aasha wuxuu isu beddelaa sida jumlada sheegta.
    • If waxaa la isticmaalaa su’aalaha caadiga ah ee Yes/No, marka la doonayo oo keliya in la ogaado “haa mise maya.”
      Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
    • Whether waxaa la adeegsadaa marka su’aashu leedahay doorasho ama laba ikhtiyaar.
      Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
  • Su’aalo leh eray su’aal ah (wh-questions)

    Reporting verb + wh-word + habka tooska ah ee erayada (la’aan inversion)

    “Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.
    “What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.
    “Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.
    “How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.
    “When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
  • Su’aalaha guud (Yes/No questions) Waxay ku bilaabmaan Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will iyo wixii la mid ah.

    Reporting verb + if/whether + hab toos oo erayo

    “Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.
    “Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.
    “Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.
    “Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.
    “Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.
    “Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Qaabka amarka

Weed xaqiijin ah: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Mamnuucid: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Khaladaad caadi ah

  • Inversion-ka ku reeb su’aalaha
    ❌ He asked where was I going
    ✔️ He asked where I was going
  • Isticmaal “said me”
    ❌ He said me that…
    ✔️ He told me that…
    ✔️ He said that…
    say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
  • Ha beddelin wakhtiga falka
    ❌ He said he is happy.
    ✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
  • Ha beddelin magac-uyaallada
    ❌ She said I am tired.
    ✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Weedho

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.
“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.
“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.
“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.
“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.
“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.
“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.
“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.
Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.
Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Tusaalooyin

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.
“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.
“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.
“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.
“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.
“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.
“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.
“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.
Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.
Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Jimicsiyada naxwaha Ingiriisiga ee laga heli karo app-ka

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech