Reported Speech regulă, exemple, exerciții și teste

Reported speech folosim

Îl folosim pentru a reda cuvintele altcuiva schimbându-le forma, astfel încât să devină parte din textul tău și nu un citat direct.
Transformăm vorbirea directă în vorbire indirectă.

Reported speech Formă

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (cu schimbarea timpului verbal, dacă este nevoie)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Regulă

În engleză, vorbirea indirectă nu se pune între ghilimele, spre deosebire de vorbirea directă:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Schimbări ale timpurilor verbale

Vorbire directă (Direct speech)	Vorbire indirectă (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ Când timpul verbal nu se schimbă

Adevăruri generale, fapte, legile naturii.
Dacă ceva este întotdeauna adevărat — timpul nu se schimbă:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Când acțiunea este relevantă în momentul vorbirii.
Dacă afirmația este încă adevărată acum.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (pentru că ea încă locuiește acolo)
Dacă propoziția subordonată este în Past Continuous, timpul verbului poate rămâne neschimbat în vorbirea curentă.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
El a spus: „Jucam fotbal când m-a sunat.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
El a spus că juca fotbal când ea l-a sunat.
Dacă verbul de raportare este la prezent
Cu says, tells, has said nu există schimbare a timpului.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Verbe modale

Verbe modale care se schimbă:

Vorbire directă (Direct speech)	Vorbire indirectă (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (obligație)	had to
must (exprimă un ordin sau o înțelegere)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

Verbe modale care NU se schimbă
(nu au formă de trecut):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Pronume

Pronumele se schimbă în funcție de cine vorbește și cui îi sunt adresate cuvintele.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Timp și loc

the previous weektd>two days earlier

Vorbire directă (Direct speech)	Vorbire indirectă (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Verbe

Verbe urmate de o that-clause :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Verbe urmate de un to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Negație

Adaugă / păstrează not înaintea verbului principal
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Dacă verbul modal are o negație cu not, schimbăm verbul modal și adăugăm not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Dacă not ține de sens și nu de gramatică, îl păstrăm.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Întrebări

În vorbirea indirectă, întrebările generale (da/nu) sunt introduse cu if sau whether. Ordinea cuvintelor devine cea a unei propoziții enunțiative.
- If este folosit în întrebările obișnuite Yes/No, când vrem doar să aflăm „da sau nu”.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Whether este folosit atunci când întrebarea conține o alternativă sau o alegere.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
Întrebări cu un cuvânt interogativ (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + ordinea directă a cuvintelor (fără inversiune)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Întrebări generale (Yes/No questions) Încep cu Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will etc.
Reporting verb + if/whether + ordinea directă a cuvintelor

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Imperativ

Propoziție afirmativă: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Interdicție: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Greșeli tipice

Păstrarea inversiunii în întrebări
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
Folosi „said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Nu schimba timpul verbal
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Nu schimba pronumele
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Propoziții

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Exemple

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: propoziții, exerciții, teste și exemple