Reported Speech tuntunin, mga halimbawa, pagsasanay at pagsusulit

Reported speech ginagamit

Ginagamit ito upang muling ilahad ang sinabi ng iba sa binagong anyo upang maging bahagi ito ng iyong teksto at hindi direktang sipi.
Ginagawang reported speech ang direct speech.

Reported speech Porma

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (na may pagbabago ng tense kung kinakailangan)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Batas

Sa Ingles, ang indirect speech ay hindi nilalagay sa quotation marks, hindi tulad ng direct speech:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Pagbabago ng mga tense

Direktang pananalita (Direct speech)	Hindi direktang pananalita (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ Kapag hindi nagbabago ang tense

Pangkalahatang katotohanan, mga katotohanan, mga batas ng kalikasan.
Kung palaging totoo ang isang bagay, hindi nagbabago ang tense:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Kapag ang kilos ay may kaugnayan pa rin sa oras ng pagsasalita.
Kung ang pahayag ay totoo pa rin ngayon.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (dahil nakatira pa rin siya roon)
Kung nasa Past Continuous ang subordinate clause, maaaring hindi magbago ang verb tense sa pagsasalita.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Sinabi niya, “Naglalaro ako ng football nang tumawag siya sa akin.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Sinabi niya na naglalaro siya ng football nang tawagan siya nito.
Kung nasa present tense ang reporting verb
Sa says, tells, has said walang pagbabago sa tense.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Mga modal verb

Mga modal verb na nagbabago:

Direktang pananalita (Direct speech)	Hindi direktang pananalita (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (obligasyon)	had to
must (nagpapahayag ng utos o kasunduan)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

Mga modal verb na HINDI nagbabago
(walang past form):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Mga panghalip

Ang mga panghalip ay nagbabago depende sa kung sino ang nagsasalita at kung kanino nakatuon ang mga salita.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Panahon at lugar

the previous weektd>two days earlier

Direktang pananalita (Direct speech)	Hindi direktang pananalita (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Mga pandiwa

Mga pandiwang sinusundan ng isang that-clause :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Mga pandiwang sinusundan ng isang to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Pagtanggi

Idagdag / panatilihin ang not bago ang pangunahing pandiwa
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Kung ang modal verb ay may negasyong not, binabago natin ang modal at nagdadagdag ng not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Kung ang not ay tumutukoy sa kahulugan at hindi sa gramatika, iniiwan namin ito.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Mga tanong

Sa reported speech, ang mga pangkalahatang tanong (oo/hindi) ay ipinapasok gamit ang if o whether. Nagbabago ang ayos ng mga salita mula tanong patungong pahayag.
- Ginagamit ang if sa karaniwang mga Yes/No na tanong kapag gusto lang malaman kung “oo o hindi.”
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Ginagamit ang whether kapag may alternatibo o pagpipilian sa tanong.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
Mga tanong na may question word (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + direktang ayos ng mga salita (walang inversion)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Mga pangkalahatang tanong (Yes/No questions) Nagsisimula sa Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will atbp.
Reporting verb + if/whether + direktang ayos ng mga salita

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Pautos na pananalita

Pangungusap na pasalaysay: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Pagbabawal: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Karaniwang pagkakamali

Iwan ang inversion sa mga tanong
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
Gamitin ang “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Huwag baguhin ang tense
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Huwag palitan ang mga panghalip
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Mga pangungusap

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Mga halimbawa

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: mga pangungusap, pagsasanay, pagsusulit at halimbawa