Reported Speech qoida, misollar, mashqlar va testlar

Reported speech foydalanamiz

Boshqalarning so‘zlarini shaklini o‘zgartirib, ularni to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri iqtibos emas, matningizning bir qismi sifatida qayta bayon qilish uchun ishlatiladi.
Biz to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nutqni bilvosita nutqqa o‘tkazamiz.

Reported speech Forma

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (zarurat bo‘lsa, fe’l zamonini o‘zgartirib)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Qoidalar

Ingliz tilida bilvosita nutq qo‘shtirnoqda yozilmaydi, to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nutqdan farqli o‘laroq:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Zamon o‘zgarishlari

To‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nutq (Direct speech)	Bilvosita nutq (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ Zamon o‘zgarmaganda

Umumiy haqiqatlar, faktlar, tabiat qonunlari.
Agar bir narsa har doim rost bo‘lsa — zamon o‘zgarmaydi:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Harakat gapirish vaqtida ham dolzarb bo‘lsa.
Agar bayonot hozir ham rost bo‘lsa.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (chunki u hanuz o‘sha yerda yashaydi)
Agar qo‘shimcha gap Past Continuous’da bo‘lsa, og‘zaki nutqda fe’l zamoni o‘zgarmasligi mumkin.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
U dedi: “U menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilganida men futbol o‘ynayotgan edim.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
U ayol qo‘ng‘iroq qilganida, u futbol o‘ynayotganini aytdi.
Agar xabar beruvchi fe’l hozirgi zamonda bo‘lsa
says, tells, has said bilan zamon o‘zgarmaydi.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Modal fe’llar

O‘zgaradigan modal fe’llar:

To‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nutq (Direct speech)	Bilvosita nutq (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (majburiyat)	had to
must (buyruqni yoki kelishuvni ifodalaydi)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

O‘zgarmaydigan modal fe’llar
(ularning o‘tgan zamon shakli yo‘q):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Olmoshlar

Olmoshlar kim gapirayotganiga va so‘zlar kimga qaratilganiga qarab o‘zgaradi.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Vaqt va joy

the previous weektd>two days earlier

To‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri nutq (Direct speech)	Bilvosita nutq (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Fe’llar

Orqasidan that-clause keladigan fe’llar :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Orqasidan to-infinitive keladigan fe’llar:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Inkor

Asosiy fe’l oldidan not qo‘shing / saqlang
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Agar modal fe’l not bilan inkor shakliga ega bo‘lsa, modal fe’lni o‘zgartirib not qo‘shamiz.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Agar not grammatikaga emas, ma’noga tegishli bo‘lsa — uni qoldiramiz.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Savollar

Erkin nutqda umumiy (ha/yo‘q) savollar if yoki whether yordamida ulanadi. Savol gapdagi so‘z tartibi xabar gapning so‘z tartibiga o‘zgaradi.
- If oddiy Yes/No savollarida, faqat “ha yoki yo‘q” bilish kerak bo‘lsa ishlatiladi.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Savolda alternativa yoki tanlov bo‘lsa, whether ishlatiladi.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
So‘roq so‘zi bilan berilgan savollar (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + to‘g‘ri so‘z tartibi (inversiyasiz)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Umumiy savollar (Yes/No questions) Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will va boshqalar bilan boshlanadi.
Reporting verb + if/whether + to‘g‘ri so‘z tartibi

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Buyruq mayli

Tasdiq gap: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Taʼqiqlash: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Odatdagi xatolar

Savollarda inversiyani saqlash
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
“said me” ishlatish
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Zamanni o‘zgartirmang
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Olmoshlarni o‘zgartirmang
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Gaplar

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Misollar

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: gaplar, mashqlar, testlar va misollar