Reported Speech 규칙, 예문, 연습문제 및 테스트

Reported speech 사용합니다

다른 사람의 말을 형태를 바꾸어 직접 인용이 아니라 당신의 글의 일부로 자연스럽게 포함시키기 위해 사용합니다.
직접 화법을 간접 화법으로 바꿉니다.

Reported speech 형식

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (필요하면 시제를 바꿔서)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech 규칙

영어에서 간접화법은 따옴표를 사용하지 않으며, 직접화법과 다릅니다：

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech 시제 변화

직접화법 (Direct speech)	간접화법 (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ 시제가 변하지 않을 때

보편적 진리, 사실, 자연 법칙.
항상 사실인 경우 시제는 변하지 않습니다:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
말하는 순간에도 그 행동이 여전히 관련 있을 때.
그 진술이 지금도 사실일 때.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (그녀는 아직도 그곳에 살고 있기 때문에)
종속절이 과거진행형이라면, 구어에서는 동사의 시제가 바뀌지 않을 수 있습니다.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
그는 말했다. “나는 그녀가 전화했을 때 축구를 하고 있었다.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
그는 그녀가 전화했을 때 축구를 하고 있었다고 말했다.
전달 동사가 현재 시제라면
says, tells, has said에서는 시제 변화가 없습니다.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech 조동사

변화하는 조동사들:

직접화법 (Direct speech)	간접화법 (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (의무)	had to
must (명령 또는 합의를 나타냄)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

변하지 않는 조동사
(과거형이 없음):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech 대명사

대명사는 말하는 사람과 말이 향하는 대상에 따라 달라집니다.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech 시간과 장소

the previous weektd>two days earlier

직접화법 (Direct speech)	간접화법 (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech 동사

that-clause가 뒤따르는 동사 :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
to-infinitive가 뒤따르는 동사:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech 부정

핵심 동사 앞에 not을 추가하거나 그대로 둔다
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
조동사가 not으로 부정될 경우, 조동사를 바꾸고 not을 추가합니다.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
not이 문법이 아니라 의미를 나타내는 경우에는 그대로 둡니다.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech 질문들

간접화법에서 일반적인 예/아니오 질문은 if 또는 whether 로 연결합니다. 의문문의 어순은 평서문의 어순으로 바뀝니다.
- 단순히 ‘예 또는 아니오’를 알고 싶을 때 사용하는 일반적인 Yes/No 질문에는 if를 사용합니다.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- 질문에 선택지나 대안이 있을 때 whether를 사용합니다.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
의문사가 있는 질문 (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + 직설 어순(도치 없음)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
일반 의문문 (Yes/No questions) Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will 등으로 시작됩니다.
Reporting verb + if/whether + 직설 어순

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech 명령형

긍정문: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

금지: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech 흔한 실수들

질문에서 도치를 유지하기
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
“said me”를 사용하기
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
시제를 바꾸지 않기
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
대명사를 바꾸지 않기
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech 문장들

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech 예시들

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: 문장, 연습문제, 테스트 및 예문