Reported Speech regel, eksempler, øvelser og tests

Reported speech bruger

Vi bruger det til at gengive andres ord ved at ændre formen, så de bliver en del af din tekst og ikke et direkte citat.
Vi omdanner direkte tale til indirekte tale.

Reported speech Form

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (med tidsændring om nødvendigt)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Regel

I engelsk sættes indirekte tale ikke i citationstegn, i modsætning til direkte tale:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Ændringer i tider

Direkte tale (Direct speech)	Indirekte tale (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ Når tiden ikke ændrer sig

Almene sandheder, fakta, naturens love.
Hvis noget altid er sandt, ændrer tiden sig ikke:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Når handlingen stadig er relevant i talens øjeblik.
Hvis udsagnet stadig er sandt nu.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (fordi hun stadig bor der)
Hvis bisætningen står i Past Continuous, kan verbets tid i talesprog forblive uændret.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Han sagde: “Jeg spillede fodbold, da hun ringede til mig.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Han sagde, at han spillede fodbold, da hun ringede til ham.
Hvis rapporteringsverbet står i nutid
Ved says, tells, has said sker der ingen tidsskift.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Modale verber

Modale verber, der ændrer sig:

Direkte tale (Direct speech)	Indirekte tale (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (forpligtelse)	had to
must (udtrykker en ordre eller en aftale)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

Modale verber der IKKE ændrer sig
(har ingen datidsform):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Pronominer

Pronominer ændrer sig afhængigt af, hvem der taler, og hvem ordene er rettet mod.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Tid og sted

the previous weektd>two days earlier

Direkte tale (Direct speech)	Indirekte tale (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Verber

Verber efterfulgt af en that-clause :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Verber efterfulgt af en to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Negation

Tilføj / behold not før hovedverbet
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Hvis modalverbet har en nægtelse med not, ændrer vi modalverbet og tilføjer not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Hvis not handler om betydningen og ikke grammatikken, lader vi det stå.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Spørgsmål

I indirekte tale indledes ja/nej-spørgsmål med if eller whether. Ordstillingen ændres til den i en påstandssætning.
- If bruges i almindelige Yes/No-spørgsmål, når man blot vil vide “ja eller nej”.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Whether bruges, når spørgsmålet indeholder et alternativ eller et valg.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
Spørgsmål med et spørgeord (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + direkte ordstilling (uden inversion)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Almindelige spørgsmål (Yes/No questions) Begynder med Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will osv.
Reporting verb + if/whether + direkte ordstilling

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Bydeform

Bekræftende sætning: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Forbud: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Typiske fejl

Bevare inversion i spørgsmål
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
Brug “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Skift ikke tid (tempus)
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Skift ikke pronominer
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Sætninger

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Eksempler

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: sætninger, øvelser, tests og eksempler