Reported Speech regra, exemplos, exercícios e testes

Reported speech usamos

Usamos isto para relatar as palavras de outra pessoa, alterando a forma para que se integrem no texto e não sejam uma citação direta.
Transformamos o discurso direto em discurso indireto.

Reported speech Forma

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (com mudança de tempo verbal, se necessário)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Regra

No inglês, o discurso indireto não é colocado entre aspas, ao contrário do discurso direto:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Mudanças de tempos verbais

Discurso direto (Direct speech)	Discurso indireto (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ Quando o tempo verbal não muda

Verdades gerais, factos, leis da natureza.
Se algo é sempre verdade — o tempo verbal não muda:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Quando a ação ainda é relevante no momento da fala.
Se a afirmação ainda for verdadeira agora.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (porque ela ainda mora lá)
Se a oração subordinada estiver no Past Continuous, o tempo verbal pode não mudar na fala.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Ele disse: “Eu estava jogando futebol quando ela me ligou.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Ele disse que estava jogando futebol quando ela ligou para ele.
Se o verbo introdutor estiver no presente
Com says, tells, has said não há mudança de tempo verbal.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Verbos modais

Verbos modais que mudam:

Discurso direto (Direct speech)	Discurso indireto (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (obrigação)	had to
must (expressa uma ordem ou um acordo)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

Verbos modais que NÃO mudam
(não têm forma no passado):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Pronomes

Os pronomes mudam dependendo de quem fala e a quem as palavras são dirigidas.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Tempo e lugar

the previous weektd>two days earlier

Discurso direto (Direct speech)	Discurso indireto (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Verbos

Verbos seguidos por uma that-clause :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Verbos seguidos por um to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Negação

Adicionar / manter not antes do verbo principal
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Se o verbo modal tiver negação com not, alteramos o verbo modal e adicionamos not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Se not se refere ao significado e não à gramática, nós o mantemos.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Perguntas

No discurso indireto, as perguntas gerais (sim/não) são introduzidas por if ou whether. A ordem das palavras muda para a de uma frase declarativa.
- If é usado em perguntas comuns de Yes/No, quando se deseja apenas saber “sim ou não”.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Whether é usado quando a pergunta apresenta uma alternativa ou escolha.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
Perguntas com palavra interrogativa (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + ordem direta das palavras (sem inversão)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Perguntas gerais (Yes/No questions) Começam com Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will etc.
Reporting verb + if/whether + ordem direta das palavras

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Imperativo

Frase afirmativa: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Proibição: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Erros típicos

Manter a inversão nas perguntas
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
Usar “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Não mudar o tempo verbal
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Não mudar os pronomes
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Frases

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Exemplos

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: frases, exercícios, testes e exemplos