Reported speech gebruik
Ons gebruik dit om iemand anders se woorde weer te gee deur die vorm te verander sodat dit deel van jou teks word en nie ’n direkte aanhaling is nie.
Ons verander direkte rede na indirekte rede.
Reported speech Vorm
Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (met tydverskuiwing indien nodig)
“I am tired”, she said.
She said that she was tired.
Reported speech Reël
In Engels word indirekte rede nie in aanhalingstekens geplaas nie, anders as direkte rede:George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”
George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.
Reported speech Veranderinge van tydsvorme
|
Direkte rede
(Direct speech) |
Indirekte rede
(Reported speech) |
|
Present Simple
I know |
Past Simple he said he knew |
| Present Continuous I am doing | Past Continuous he said he was doing |
| Present Perfect I have done | Past Perfect he said he had done |
| Past Simple I did | Past Perfect he said he had done |
| Past Continuous I was doing | Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing |
| Past Perfect I had done | Past Perfect I had done |
| Future (will) I will go | would he said he would go |
❗ Wanneer die tydsvorm nie verander nie
-
Algemene waarhede, feite, wette van die natuur.
As iets altyd waar is, verander die tydsvorm nie:The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun. -
Wanneer die handeling steeds relevant is op die oomblik van spraak.
As die stelling nou nog waar is.I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (omdat sy nog steeds daar woon) -
As die bysin in die Past Continuous is, kan die werkwoordstyd in spreektaal onveranderd bly.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Hy het gesê: “Ek was besig om sokker te speel toe sy my gebel het.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Hy het gesê dat hy sokker gespeel het toe sy hom gebel het. -
As die meldingswerkwoord in die teenwoordige tyd is
Met says, tells, has said is daar geen tydverskuiwing nie.I’m busy. She says she is busy
Reported speech Modale werkwoorde
-
Modale werkwoorde wat verander:
Direkte rede
(Direct speech)Indirekte rede
(Reported speech)will would can could may might shall should must
(verpligting)had to must
(druk ’n bevel
of ’n ooreenkoms uit)was to He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6. -
Modale werkwoorde wat NIE verander nie
(het geen verlede vorm):
could, should, would, might, ought to“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.
Reported speech Voornaamwoorde
Voornaamwoorde verander na gelang van wie praat en na wie die woorde gerig is.
“I like your car,” he said.
He said he liked my car.
Reported speech Tyd en plek
|
Direkte rede
(Direct speech) |
Indirekte rede
(Reported speech) |
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| now | then |
| last week | |
| tonight | that night |
| two days ago | td>two days earlier|
| here | there |
| this | that |
| these | those |
“We have a meeting today,” he said.
He said they had a meeting that day.
I bought these shoes yesterday.
She said she had bought those shoes the day before.
I will come tomorrow.
He said he would come the next day.
I can’t talk now.
He said he couldn’t talk then.
I finished the course last week.
She said she had finished the course the previous week.
I’m going out tonight.
He said he was going out that night.
I moved here two days ago.
She said she had moved there two days earlier.
Come here.
She told him to come there.
This place is beautiful.
He said that place was beautiful.
I bought these shoes.
He said he had bought those shoes.
Reported speech Werkwoorde
-
Werkwoorde waarna ’n that-clause volg
:
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…I’m tired. She said that she was tired. -
Werkwoorde waarna ’n to-infinitive volg:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.
Reported speech Ontkenning
-
Voeg not voor die hoofwerkwoord by / behou dit
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
-
As die modale werkwoord ’n ontkenning met not het, verander ons die modale werkwoord en voeg not by.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
-
As not na die betekenis verwys en nie na grammatika nie, laat ons dit staan.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.
Reported speech Vrae
-
In indirekte rede word algemene ja/nee-vrae met
if of whether ingelei.
Die woordorde van die vraag verander na dié van ’n stelling.
-
If word gebruik in gewone Yes/No-vrae wanneer mens net wil weet “ja of nee”.
Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
-
Whether word gebruik wanneer daar ’n alternatief of keuse in die vraag is.
Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
-
If word gebruik in gewone Yes/No-vrae wanneer mens net wil weet “ja of nee”.
-
Vrae met ’n vraagwoord (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + regstreekse woordorde (sonder inversie)
“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her. -
Algemene vrae (Yes/No questions)
Begin met Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will, ens.
Reporting verb + if/whether + regstreekse woordorde
“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.
Reported speech Bevelende wyse
Bevestigende sin: reporting verb + object + to + verb
Open the door.
He told me to open the door.
Verbod: reporting verb + object + not to + verb
Don’t be late.
She told me not to be late.
Reported speech Tipiese foute
-
Behou die inversie in vrae
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going -
Gebruik “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом -
Moenie die tydsvorm verander nie
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени. -
Moenie die voornaamwoorde verander nie
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.
Reported speech Sinne
“I am learning French,” she said.
She said she was learning French.
“He has finished his project,” they said.
They said he had finished his project.
“I shall return soon,” he said.
He said he should return soon.
“You must call her today,” Mom said.
Mom said I had to call her that day.
“What time does the train leave?” I asked.
I asked what time the train left.
“Why are you crying?” he asked.
He asked why I was crying.
“Can she swim?” I asked.
I asked if she could swim.
“Is your brother at home?” she asked.
She asked whether my brother was at home.
Leave your shoes outside.
He told me to leave my shoes outside.
Don’t touch that button.
She told me not to touch that button.
Reported speech Voorbeelde
“I was reading a book,” she said.
She said she had been reading a book.
“We have seen this movie,” they said.
They said they had seen that movie.
“He will help us tomorrow,” I said.
I said he would help us the next day.
“When did she arrive?” he asked.
He asked when she had arrived.
“Where are my keys?” she asked.
She asked where her keys were.
“Does he like pizza?” I asked.
I asked if he liked pizza.
“Will they join us?” she asked.
She asked if they would join us.
“You ought to apologize,” he said.
He said I ought to apologize.
Be quiet, please.
She told me to be quiet.
Don’t forget your umbrella.
He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.
