Reported speech menggunakan
Digunakan untuk menceritakan ulang ucapan orang lain dengan mengubah bentuknya agar menjadi bagian dari teks Anda, bukan kutipan langsung.
Kami mengubah direct speech menjadi reported speech.
Reported speech Bentuk
Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (dengan perubahan tense bila diperlukan)
“I am tired”, she said.
She said that she was tired.
Reported speech Aturan
Dalam bahasa Inggris, reported speech tidak ditulis dengan tanda kutip, berbeda dengan direct speech:George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”
George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.
Reported speech Perubahan bentuk waktu
|
Kalimat langsung
(Direct speech) |
Kalimat tidak langsung
(Reported speech) |
|
Present Simple
I know |
Past Simple he said he knew |
| Present Continuous I am doing | Past Continuous he said he was doing |
| Present Perfect I have done | Past Perfect he said he had done |
| Past Simple I did | Past Perfect he said he had done |
| Past Continuous I was doing | Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing |
| Past Perfect I had done | Past Perfect I had done |
| Future (will) I will go | would he said he would go |
❗ Ketika tense tidak berubah
-
Kebenaran umum, fakta, hukum alam.
Jika sesuatu selalu benar, tense tidak berubah:The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun. -
Ketika tindakan masih relevan pada saat berbicara.
Jika pernyataan masih benar sekarang.I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (karena dia masih tinggal di sana) -
Jika klausa subordinatif berada dalam Past Continuous, dalam bahasa lisan kala verba mungkin tidak berubah.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Dia berkata, “Aku sedang bermain sepak bola ketika dia meneleponku.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Dia berkata bahwa dia sedang bermain sepak bola ketika dia meneleponnya. -
Jika verba pelapor berada dalam present tense
Dengan says, tells, has said tidak ada perubahan kala.I’m busy. She says she is busy
Reported speech Kata kerja modal
-
Kata kerja modal yang berubah:
Kalimat langsung
(Direct speech)Kalimat tidak langsung
(Reported speech)will would can could may might shall should must
(kewajiban)had to must
(menyatakan sebuah perintah
atau kesepakatan)was to He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6. -
Kata kerja modal yang TIDAK berubah
(tidak memiliki bentuk lampau):
could, should, would, might, ought to“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.
Reported speech Kata ganti
Kata ganti berubah tergantung pada siapa yang berbicara dan kepada siapa kata-kata ditujukan.
“I like your car,” he said.
He said he liked my car.
Reported speech Waktu dan tempat
|
Kalimat langsung
(Direct speech) |
Kalimat tidak langsung
(Reported speech) |
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| now | then |
| last week | |
| tonight | that night |
| two days ago | td>two days earlier|
| here | there |
| this | that |
| these | those |
“We have a meeting today,” he said.
He said they had a meeting that day.
I bought these shoes yesterday.
She said she had bought those shoes the day before.
I will come tomorrow.
He said he would come the next day.
I can’t talk now.
He said he couldn’t talk then.
I finished the course last week.
She said she had finished the course the previous week.
I’m going out tonight.
He said he was going out that night.
I moved here two days ago.
She said she had moved there two days earlier.
Come here.
She told him to come there.
This place is beautiful.
He said that place was beautiful.
I bought these shoes.
He said he had bought those shoes.
Reported speech Kata kerja
-
Verba yang diikuti oleh that-clause
:
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…I’m tired. She said that she was tired. -
Verba yang diikuti oleh to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.
Reported speech Negasi
-
Tambahkan / pertahankan not sebelum kata kerja utama
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
-
Jika verba modal memiliki negasi dengan not, kita mengubah verba modal dan menambahkan not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
-
Jika not berkaitan dengan makna, bukan tata bahasa, kita membiarkannya tetap ada.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.
Reported speech Pertanyaan
-
Dalam reported speech, pertanyaan umum (ya/tidak) diperkenalkan dengan
if atau whether.
Urutan kata pada pertanyaan berubah menjadi urutan kalimat berita.
-
If digunakan dalam pertanyaan Yes/No yang biasa ketika kita hanya ingin mengetahui “ya atau tidak”.
Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
-
Whether digunakan ketika pertanyaan mengandung alternatif atau pilihan.
Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
-
If digunakan dalam pertanyaan Yes/No yang biasa ketika kita hanya ingin mengetahui “ya atau tidak”.
-
Pertanyaan dengan kata tanya (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + urutan kata langsung (tanpa inversi)
“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her. -
Pertanyaan umum (Yes/No questions)
Dimulai dengan Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will, dll.
Reporting verb + if/whether + urutan kata langsung
“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.
Reported speech Kalimat perintah
Kalimat afirmatif: reporting verb + object + to + verb
Open the door.
He told me to open the door.
Larangan: reporting verb + object + not to + verb
Don’t be late.
She told me not to be late.
Reported speech Kekeliruan umum
-
Mempertahankan inversi dalam pertanyaan
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going -
Menggunakan “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом -
Jangan mengubah tense
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени. -
Jangan mengganti pronomina
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.
Reported speech Kalimat
“I am learning French,” she said.
She said she was learning French.
“He has finished his project,” they said.
They said he had finished his project.
“I shall return soon,” he said.
He said he should return soon.
“You must call her today,” Mom said.
Mom said I had to call her that day.
“What time does the train leave?” I asked.
I asked what time the train left.
“Why are you crying?” he asked.
He asked why I was crying.
“Can she swim?” I asked.
I asked if she could swim.
“Is your brother at home?” she asked.
She asked whether my brother was at home.
Leave your shoes outside.
He told me to leave my shoes outside.
Don’t touch that button.
She told me not to touch that button.
Reported speech Contoh
“I was reading a book,” she said.
She said she had been reading a book.
“We have seen this movie,” they said.
They said they had seen that movie.
“He will help us tomorrow,” I said.
I said he would help us the next day.
“When did she arrive?” he asked.
He asked when she had arrived.
“Where are my keys?” she asked.
She asked where her keys were.
“Does he like pizza?” I asked.
I asked if he liked pizza.
“Will they join us?” she asked.
She asked if they would join us.
“You ought to apologize,” he said.
He said I ought to apologize.
Be quiet, please.
She told me to be quiet.
Don’t forget your umbrella.
He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.
