Reported Speech quy tắc, ví dụ, bài tập và bài kiểm tra

Reported speech chúng tôi sử dụng

Được dùng để thuật lại lời người khác bằng cách thay đổi hình thức để lời nói trở thành một phần của văn bản, chứ không phải trích dẫn trực tiếp.
Chúng tôi chuyển đổi direct speech thành reported speech.

Reported speech Dạng

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (thay đổi thì khi cần thiết)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Quy tắc

Trong tiếng Anh, lời nói gián tiếp không được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép, khác với lời nói trực tiếp:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Những thay đổi về thì

Lời nói trực tiếp (Direct speech)	Lời nói gián tiếp (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ Khi thì không thay đổi

Những sự thật chung, các sự kiện, các quy luật tự nhiên.
Nếu điều gì đó luôn đúng — thì không thay đổi thì:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Khi hành động vẫn còn liên quan tại thời điểm nói.
Nếu mệnh đề vẫn đúng ngay bây giờ.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (vì cô ấy vẫn sống ở đó)
Nếu mệnh đề phụ ở thì Past Continuous, trong ngôn ngữ nói thì thời của động từ có thể không thay đổi.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Anh ấy nói: “Tôi đang chơi bóng đá thì cô ấy gọi cho tôi.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy đang chơi bóng đá khi cô ấy gọi cho anh.
Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại
Với says, tells, has said thì thời không thay đổi.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Động từ khiếm khuyết (modal)

Các động từ khiếm khuyết có thay đổi:

Lời nói trực tiếp (Direct speech)	Lời nói gián tiếp (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (nghĩa vụ)	had to
must (diễn đạt một mệnh lệnh hoặc một thỏa thuận)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

Các động từ khiếm khuyết KHÔNG thay đổi
(không có dạng quá khứ):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Đại từ

Đại từ thay đổi tùy theo người nói và người được hướng đến.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Thời gian và địa điểm

the previous weektd>two days earlier

Lời nói trực tiếp (Direct speech)	Lời nói gián tiếp (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Động từ

Động từ theo sau là that-clause :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Động từ theo sau là to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Phủ định

Thêm / giữ not trước động từ chính
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Nếu động từ khiếm khuyết có dạng phủ định với not, ta thay đổi động từ khiếm khuyết và thêm not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Nếu not liên quan đến ý nghĩa chứ không phải ngữ pháp — ta giữ nguyên nó.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Câu hỏi

Trong lời nói gián tiếp, câu hỏi chung (có/không) được giới thiệu bằng if hoặc whether. Trật tự từ của câu hỏi được chuyển sang trật tự của câu trần thuật.
- If được dùng trong các câu hỏi Yes/No thông thường khi chỉ cần biết “có hay không”.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Whether được dùng khi câu hỏi có lựa chọn hoặc hai khả năng.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
Các câu hỏi có từ để hỏi (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + trật tự từ trực tiếp (không đảo ngữ)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Các câu hỏi chung (Yes/No questions) Bắt đầu bằng Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will, v.v.
Reporting verb + if/whether + trật tự từ trực tiếp

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Lối mệnh lệnh

Câu khẳng định: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Cấm: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Lỗi thường gặp

Giữ đảo ngữ trong câu hỏi
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
Sử dụng “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Không thay đổi thì
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Không thay đổi đại từ
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Câu

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Ví dụ

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: câu, bài tập, bài kiểm tra và ví dụ