Reported Speech правило, примери, вежби и тестови

Reported speech користიმე

Го користиме за прераскажување туѓи зборови со менување на нивната форма за да станат дел од текстот, наместо директен цитат.
Директниот говор го претвораме во индиректен.

Reported speech Форма

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (со промена на времето кога е потребно)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Правило

Во англискиот јазик индиректниот говор не се пишува во наводници, за разлика од директниот:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Промени на глаголските времиња

Директен говор (Direct speech)	Индиректен говор (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ Кога времињата не се менуваат

Општи вистини, факти, природни закони.
Ако нешто е секогаш вистина — времињата не се менуваат:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Кога дејството е актуелно во моментот на говорење.
Ако тврдењето сè уште е вистинито.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (зашто таа сè уште живее таму)
Ако зависната реченица е во Past Continuous, во говорниот јазик времето на глаголот може да не се промени.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Тој рече: „Играв фудбал кога таа ми се јави.“. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Тој рече дека играл фудбал кога таа му се јавила.
Ако глаголот на известување е во сегашно време
Со says, tells, has said нема промена на време.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Модални глаголи

Модални глаголи што се менуваат:

Директен говор (Direct speech)	Индиректен говор (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (обврска)	had to
must (изразува наредба или договореност)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

Модални глаголи што НЕ се менуваат
(немаат мината форма):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Заменки

Заменките се менуваат во зависност од тоа кој зборува и кому се упатени зборовите.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Време и место

the previous weektd>two days earlier

Директен говор (Direct speech)	Индиректен говор (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Глаголи

Глаголи по кои следи that-clause :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Глаголи по кои следи to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Негација

Додајте / зачувајте not пред главниот глагол
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Ако модалниот глагол има негација со not, го менуваме модалниот глагол и додаваме not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Ако not се однесува на значењето, а не на граматиката — го задржуваме.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Прашања

Во непряка реч, општите (да/не) прашања се воведуваат со if или whether. Редоследот на зборовите од прашалната реченица се менува во редослед на изјавна.
- If се користи во вообичаени Yes/No прашања кога само треба да се дознае „да или не“.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Whether се користи кога во прашањето има алтернатива или избор.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
Прашања со прашална збор (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + директен редослед на зборови (без инверзија)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Општи прашања (Yes/No questions) Почнуваат со Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will итн.
Reporting verb + if/whether + директен редослед на зборови

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Заповедна форма

Потврдителна реченица: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Забрана: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Типични грешки

Зачувување на инверзијата во прашањата
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
Користење „said me“
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Не го менувајте времето (глаголската форма)
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Не ги менувајте заменките
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Реченици

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Примери

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: реченици, вежби, тестови и примери