Reported Speech: వాక్యాలు, వ్యాయామాలు, పరీక్షలు మరియు ఉదాహరణలు

Reported speech మేము ఉపయోగిస్తాము

ఇతరుల మాటలను వాటి రూపాన్ని మార్చి మీ వాక్యం లోని భాగంగా చెప్పడానికి దీనిని ఉపయోగిస్తారు, ఇది నేరుగా ఉటంకించడం కాదు.
Direct speech ను reported speech గా మార్చుతాము.

Reported speech ఫారమ్

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (అవసరమైతే కాలం మార్చి)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech నియమం

ఆంగ్లంలో indirect speech కి quotes వాడరు, direct speech కి వాడినట్లు కాదు:
George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”
George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech కాల మార్పులు

ప్రత్యక్ష వాక్యం
(Direct speech) 		పరోక్ష వాక్యం
(Reported speech)
Present Simple
I know 		Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go would he said he would go

❗ కాలం మారనిప్పుడు

  • సాధారణ నిజాలు, వాస్తవాలు, ప్రకృతి నియమాలు.
    ఏదైనా ఎల్లప్పుడూ నిజమే అయితే — కాలం మారదు:
    The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
  • మాట్లాడే సమయంలో చర్య ఇప్పటికీ సంబంధితంగా ఉన్నప్పుడు.
    ప్రకటన ఇప్పటికీ నిజమే అయితే.
    I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (ఆమె ఇంకా అక్కడే ఉంటోంది కాబట్టి)
  • ఉపవాక్యం Past Continuous లో ఉంటే, మాట్లాడే భాషలో క్రియాకాలం మారకపోవచ్చు.
    He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
    అతను చెప్పాడు, “ఆమె నాకు ఫోన్ చేసినప్పుడు నేను ఫుట్బాల్ ఆడుతున్నాను.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
    ఆమె అతనికి ఫోన్ చేసినప్పుడు, అతను ఫుట్‌బాల్ ఆడుతున్నాడని అతను చెప్పాడు.
  • రిపోర్టింగ్ క్రియా వర్తమాన కాలంలో ఉంటే
    says, tells, has said వద్ద కాల మార్పు ఉండదు.
    I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech మోడల్ క్రియలు

  • మారే మోడల్ క్రియలు:
    ప్రత్యక్ష వాక్యం
    (Direct speech)     		పరోక్ష వాక్యం
    (Reported speech)
    will would
    can could
    may might
    shall should
    must
    (బాధ్యత)     		had to
    must
    (ఆజ్ఞను
    లేదా ఒప్పందాన్ని వ్యక్తపరుస్తుంది)     		was to
    He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.
    She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.
    John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.
    I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.
    My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.
    The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.
  • మారని మోడల్ క్రియలు
    (వాటికి గతకాల రూపం లేదు):
    could, should, would, might, ought to
    “I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.
    “You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.
    “I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.
    “It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.
    “You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech సర్వనామాలు

సర్వనామాలు ఎవరు మాట్లాడుతున్నారు మరియు మాటలు ఎవరికీ చెప్పబడుతున్నాయో దానికి అనుగుణంగా మారుతాయి.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech సమయం మరియు స్థలం

the previous weektd>two days earlier
ప్రత్యక్ష వాక్యం
(Direct speech) 		పరోక్ష వాక్యం
(Reported speech)
todaythat day
yesterdaythe day before
tomorrowthe next day
nowthen
last week
tonightthat night
two days ago
herethere
thisthat
thesethose
“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.
I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.
I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.
I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.
I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.
I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.
I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.
Come here. She told him to come there.
This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.
I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech క్రియలు

  • that-clause వచ్చే క్రియలు :
    say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
    I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
  • to-infinitive వచ్చే క్రియలు:
    advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
    Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech నిరాకరణ

  • ప్రధాన క్రియకి ముందు not చేర్చండి / ఉంచండి
    I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
  • మోడల్ క్రియకు not తో నెగెటివ్ రూపం ఉంటే, ఆ మోడల్‌ను మార్చి not జోడించాలి.
    I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
  • not వ్యాకరణానికి కాకుండా అర్థానికి సంబంధించినదైతే — దాన్ని అలాగే ఉంచుతాం.
    Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech ప్రశ్నలు

  • పరోక్ష వాక్యాలలో సాధారణ (అవును/కాదు) ప్రశ్నలు if లేదా whether ఉపయోగించి చేర్చబడతాయి. ప్రశ్న యొక్క పదక్రమం ప్రకటన వాక్యంలోని పదక్రమంగా మారుతుంది.
    • కేవలం “అవును లేదా కాదు” తెలుసుకోవాల్సిన సాధారణ Yes/No ప్రశ్నల్లో if వాడతారు.
      Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
    • ప్రశ్నలో ప్రత్యామ్నాయం లేదా ఎంపిక ఉన్నప్పుడు whether ఉపయోగిస్తారు.
      Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
  • ప్రశ్నార్థక పదం ఉన్న ప్రశ్నలు (wh-questions)

    Reporting verb + wh-word + నేరుగా పదక్రమం (ఇన్వర్షన్ లేకుండా)

    “Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.
    “What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.
    “Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.
    “How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.
    “When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
  • సాధారణ ప్రశ్నలు (Yes/No questions) Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will మొదలైనవి మొదలవుతాయి.

    Reporting verb + if/whether + నేరుగా పదక్రమం

    “Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.
    “Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.
    “Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.
    “Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.
    “Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.
    “Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech ఆజ్ఞ వాచ

అనుకూల వాక్యం: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

నిషేధం: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech సాధారణ తప్పులు

  • ప్రశ్నల్లో inversion ఉంచడం
    ❌ He asked where was I going
    ✔️ He asked where I was going
  • “said me” ఉపయోగించడం
    ❌ He said me that…
    ✔️ He told me that…
    ✔️ He said that…
    say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
  • కాలాన్ని మార్చకండి
    ❌ He said he is happy.
    ✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
  • సర్వనామాలను మార్చవద్దు
    ❌ She said I am tired.
    ✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech వాక్యాలు

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.
“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.
“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.
“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.
“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.
“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.
“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.
“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.
Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.
Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech ఉదాహరణలు

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.
“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.
“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.
“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.
“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.
“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.
“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.
“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.
Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.
Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

యాప్‌లో అందుబాటులో ఉన్న ఇంగ్లీష్ వ్యాకరణ వ్యాయామాలు

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech