Reported Speech peraturan, contoh, latihan dan ujian

Reported speech menggunakan

Digunakan untuk mengulas semula kata-kata orang lain dengan mengubah bentuknya supaya menjadi sebahagian daripada teks anda dan bukan petikan langsung.
Kami menukar ujaran langsung kepada ujaran tidak langsung.

Reported speech Bentuk

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (dengan perubahan kala jika perlu)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Peraturan

Dalam bahasa Inggeris, reported speech tidak ditulis dalam tanda petikan, tidak seperti direct speech:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Perubahan kala

Tutur langsung (Direct speech)	Tutur tidak langsung (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ Apabila kala tidak berubah

Kebenaran umum, fakta, hukum alam.
Jika sesuatu sentiasa benar — kala tidak berubah:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Apabila tindakan masih relevan pada saat bercakap.
Jika pernyataan itu masih benar sekarang.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (kerana dia masih tinggal di sana)
Jika klausa subordinat berada dalam Past Continuous, dalam pertuturan kala kerja mungkin tidak berubah.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Dia berkata, “Saya sedang bermain bola sepak ketika dia menelefon saya.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Dia berkata bahawa dia sedang bermain bola sepak apabila dia menelefonnya.
Jika kata kerja pelapor berada dalam present tense
Dengan says, tells, has said tiada perubahan kala.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Kata kerja modal

Kata kerja modal yang berubah:

Tutur langsung (Direct speech)	Tutur tidak langsung (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (kewajiban)	had to
must (menyatakan perintah atau persetujuan)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

Kata kerja modal yang TIDAK berubah
(tiada bentuk lampau):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Kata ganti nama

Kata ganti nama berubah bergantung pada siapa yang bercakap dan kepada siapa kata-kata ditujukan.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Masa dan tempat

the previous weektd>two days earlier

Tutur langsung (Direct speech)	Tutur tidak langsung (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Kata kerja

Kata kerja yang diikuti oleh that-clause :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Kata kerja yang diikuti oleh to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Penafian

Tambah / kekalkan not sebelum kata kerja utama
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Jika kata kerja modal mempunyai bentuk negatif dengan not, kita menukar kata kerja modal dan menambah not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Jika not merujuk kepada makna dan bukannya tatabahasa, kami biarkan sahaja.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Soalan-soalan

Dalam ujaran tidak langsung, soalan umum (ya/tidak) diperkenalkan dengan if atau whether. Susunan kata dalam soalan ditukar kepada susunan ayat penyata.
- If digunakan dalam soalan Yes/No biasa apabila hanya ingin mengetahui “ya atau tidak”.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Whether digunakan apabila soalan mengandungi pilihan atau alternatif.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
Soalan dengan kata tanya (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + susunan perkataan langsung (tanpa inversi)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Soalan umum (Yes/No questions) Bermula dengan Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will dan lain-lain.
Reporting verb + if/whether + susunan perkataan langsung

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Bentuk suruhan

Ayat penyata positif: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Larangan: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Kesilapan biasa

Mengekalkan inversi dalam soalan
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
Menggunakan “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Jangan menukar kala kata kerja
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Jangan menukar kata ganti nama
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Ayat-ayat

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Contoh-contoh

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: ayat, latihan, ujian dan contoh