Reported Speech regel, eksempler, øvelser og tester

Reported speech bruker

Vi bruker det for å gjenfortelle andres ord ved å endre formen slik at de blir en del av teksten din og ikke et direkte sitat.
Vi gjør direkte tale om til indirekte tale.

Reported speech Form

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (med endring av tid hvis nødvendig)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Regel

På engelsk settes indirekte tale ikke i anførselstegn, i motsetning til direkte tale:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Endringer i tider

Direkte tale (Direct speech)	Indirekte tale (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ Når tiden ikke endrer seg

Allmenne sannheter, fakta, naturlover.
Hvis noe alltid er sant, endrer tiden seg ikke:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Når handlingen fortsatt er relevant i det øyeblikket man snakker.
Hvis utsagnet fortsatt er sant nå.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (fordi hun fortsatt bor der)
Hvis leddsetningen står i Past Continuous, kan verbtiden i talespråk forbli uendret.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Han sa: «Jeg spilte fotball da hun ringte meg.». He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Han sa at han spilte fotball da hun ringte ham.
Hvis rapporteringsverbet står i presens
Med says, tells, has said blir det ingen tidsskifte.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Modale verb

Modale verb som endrer seg:

Direkte tale (Direct speech)	Indirekte tale (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (plikt)	had to
must (uttrykker en ordre eller en avtale)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

Modale verb som IKKE endrer seg
(har ingen preteritumsform):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Pronomen

Pronomen endres avhengig av hvem som snakker og hvem ordene er rettet mot.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Tid og sted

the previous weektd>two days earlier

Direkte tale (Direct speech)	Indirekte tale (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Verb

Verb som etterfølges av en that-clause :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Verb som etterfølges av en to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Negasjon

Legg til / behold not før hovedverbet
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Hvis det modale verbet har en negasjon med not, endrer vi det modale verbet og legger til not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Hvis not handler om betydningen og ikke grammatikken, lar vi det stå.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Spørsmål

I indirekte tale innledes ja/nei-spørsmål med if eller whether. Ordstillingen endres til den som brukes i en fortellende setning.
- If brukes i vanlige Yes/No-spørsmål når man bare vil vite “ja eller nei”.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Whether brukes når spørsmålet inneholder et alternativ eller et valg.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
Spørsmål med spørreord (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + direkte ordstilling (uten inversjon)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Generelle spørsmål (Yes/No questions) Begynner med Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will osv.
Reporting verb + if/whether + direkte ordstilling

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Imperativ

Bekreftende setning: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Forbud: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Typiske feil

Beholde inversjon i spørsmål
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
Bruke “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Ikke endre tidsform
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Ikke endre pronomenene
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Setninger

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Eksempler

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: setninger, øvelser, tester og eksempler