Reported speech қолданамыз
Біреудің сөзін тікелей емес, формаcын өзгертіп, мәтіннің бір бөлігіне айналдыру үшін қолданамыз.
Тікелей сөзді жанама сөзге айналдырамыз.
Reported speech Пішін
Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (қажет болған жағдайда етістік шағын өзгертіп)
“I am tired”, she said.
She said that she was tired.
Reported speech Ереже
Ағылшын тілінде жанама сөйлеу тырнақшаға алынбайды, тікелей сөйлеуден өзгеше:George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”
George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.
Reported speech Шақ өзгерістері
|
Тікелей сөйлеу
(Direct speech) |
Жанама сөйлеу
(Reported speech) |
|
Present Simple
I know |
Past Simple he said he knew |
| Present Continuous I am doing | Past Continuous he said he was doing |
| Present Perfect I have done | Past Perfect he said he had done |
| Past Simple I did | Past Perfect he said he had done |
| Past Continuous I was doing | Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing |
| Past Perfect I had done | Past Perfect I had done |
| Future (will) I will go | would he said he would go |
❗ Шақ өзгермеген кезде
-
Жалпы ақиқаттар, фактілер, табиғат заңдары.
Бір нәрсе әрдайым рас болса — шақ өзгермейді:The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun. -
Әрекет сөйлеу сәтінде де өзекті болса.
Мәлімдеме қазір де рас болса.I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (өйткені ол әлі де сонда тұрады) -
Егер бағыныңқы сөйлем Past Continuous шақта болса, ауызекі тілде етістік шағы өзгермеуі мүмкін.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Ол былай деді: «Мен футбол ойнап жүргенде, ол маған қоңырау шалған.». He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Ол оның қоңырау шалған кезінде футбол ойнап жатқанын айтты. -
Егер хабарлау етістігі осы шақта тұрса
says, tells, has said кезінде шақ өзгермейді.I’m busy. She says she is busy
Reported speech Модаль етістіктер
-
Өзгеретін модаль етістіктер:
Тікелей сөйлеу
(Direct speech)Жанама сөйлеу
(Reported speech)will would can could may might shall should must
(міндет)had to must
(бұйрықты
немесе келісімді білдіреді)was to He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6. -
ӨЗГЕРМЕЙТІН модаль етістіктер
(өткен шақ формасы жоқ):
could, should, would, might, ought to“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.
Reported speech Есімдіктер
Есімдіктер сөйлеушіге және сөз кімге бағытталғанына байланысты өзгереді.
“I like your car,” he said.
He said he liked my car.
Reported speech Уақыт пен орын
|
Тікелей сөйлеу
(Direct speech) |
Жанама сөйлеу
(Reported speech) |
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| now | then |
| last week | |
| tonight | that night |
| two days ago | td>two days earlier|
| here | there |
| this | that |
| these | those |
“We have a meeting today,” he said.
He said they had a meeting that day.
I bought these shoes yesterday.
She said she had bought those shoes the day before.
I will come tomorrow.
He said he would come the next day.
I can’t talk now.
He said he couldn’t talk then.
I finished the course last week.
She said she had finished the course the previous week.
I’m going out tonight.
He said he was going out that night.
I moved here two days ago.
She said she had moved there two days earlier.
Come here.
She told him to come there.
This place is beautiful.
He said that place was beautiful.
I bought these shoes.
He said he had bought those shoes.
Reported speech Етістіктер
-
Артынан that-clause келетін етістіктер
:
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…I’m tired. She said that she was tired. -
Артынан to-infinitive келетін етістіктер:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.
Reported speech Болымсыздық
-
Негізгі етістіктің алдында not қосыңыз / сақтаңыз
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
-
Егер модаль етістік not арқылы болымсыз жасалса, модаль етістікті өзгертіп, not қосамыз.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
-
Егер not грамматикаға емес, мағынаға қатысты болса — оны қалдырамыз.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.
Reported speech Сұрақтар
-
Турасыз сөзде жалпы (иә/жоқ) сұрақтар
if немесе whether шылауларымен жалғанады.
Сұрақтың сөз тәртібі хабарлы сөйлемнің сөз тәртібіне өзгереді.
-
Қарапайым Yes/No сұрақтарында, тек “иә немесе жоқ” білу керек болғанда if қолданылады.
Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
-
Сұрақта балама не таңдау болғанда whether қолданылады.
Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
-
Қарапайым Yes/No сұрақтарында, тек “иә немесе жоқ” білу керек болғанда if қолданылады.
-
Сұраулық сөзбен қойылатын сұрақтар (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + тура сөз тәртібі (инверсиясыз)
“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her. -
Жалпы сұрақтар (Yes/No questions)
Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will және т.б. сөздермен басталады.
Reporting verb + if/whether + тура сөз тәртібі
“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.
Reported speech Бұйрық рай
Баянды сөйлем: reporting verb + object + to + verb
Open the door.
He told me to open the door.
Тыйым: reporting verb + object + not to + verb
Don’t be late.
She told me not to be late.
Reported speech Жиі қателіктер
-
Сұрақтарда инверсияны сақтау
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going -
“said me” қолдану
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом -
Жағдай/уақыт формасын өзгертпеу
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени. -
Есімдіктерді өзгертпеу
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.
Reported speech Сөйлемдер
“I am learning French,” she said.
She said she was learning French.
“He has finished his project,” they said.
They said he had finished his project.
“I shall return soon,” he said.
He said he should return soon.
“You must call her today,” Mom said.
Mom said I had to call her that day.
“What time does the train leave?” I asked.
I asked what time the train left.
“Why are you crying?” he asked.
He asked why I was crying.
“Can she swim?” I asked.
I asked if she could swim.
“Is your brother at home?” she asked.
She asked whether my brother was at home.
Leave your shoes outside.
He told me to leave my shoes outside.
Don’t touch that button.
She told me not to touch that button.
Reported speech Мысалдар
“I was reading a book,” she said.
She said she had been reading a book.
“We have seen this movie,” they said.
They said they had seen that movie.
“He will help us tomorrow,” I said.
I said he would help us the next day.
“When did she arrive?” he asked.
He asked when she had arrived.
“Where are my keys?” she asked.
She asked where her keys were.
“Does he like pizza?” I asked.
I asked if he liked pizza.
“Will they join us?” she asked.
She asked if they would join us.
“You ought to apologize,” he said.
He said I ought to apologize.
Be quiet, please.
She told me to be quiet.
Don’t forget your umbrella.
He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.
