Reported Speech: جملے، مشقیں، ٹیسٹ اور مثالیں

Reported speech ہم استعمال کرتے ہیں

اسے دوسرے کے الفاظ کو شکل بدل کر اس طرح بیان کرنے کے لیے استعمال کیا جاتا ہے کہ وہ آپ کے متن کا حصہ بن جائیں، نہ کہ براہِ راست حوالہ۔
ہم direct speech کو reported speech میں بدلتے ہیں۔

Reported speech فارم

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (ضرورت پڑنے پر زمانہ بدل کر)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech قاعدہ

انگریزی میں indirect speech کو اُدھرے کوموں میں نہیں لکھا جاتا، برخلاف direct speech کے:
George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”
George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech زمانوں میں تبدیلیاں

براہِ راست کلام
(Direct speech) 		بالواسطہ کلام
(Reported speech)
Present Simple
I know 		Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go would he said he would go

❗ جب زمانہ نہیں بدلتا

  • عام حقائق، واقعات، فطرت کے قوانین۔
    اگر کوئی چیز ہمیشہ سچ ہو — زمانہ نہیں بدلتا:
    The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
  • جب عمل بولنے کے لمحے بھی متعلق ہو۔
    اگر بیان اب بھی درست ہو۔
    I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (کیونکہ وہ اب بھی وہاں رہتی ہے)
  • اگر ضمنی جملہ Past Continuous میں ہو تو بول چال میں فعل کا زمانہ بدل نہیں سکتا۔
    He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
    اس نے کہا، "جب اس نے مجھے فون کیا تو میں فٹبال کھیل رہا تھا۔"۔ He said that he was playing football when she called him.
    اس نے کہا کہ جب اس نے اسے فون کیا تو وہ فٹبال کھیل رہا تھا۔
  • اگر رپورٹنگ فعل حال میں ہو
    says، tells، has said کے ساتھ زمانہ تبدیل نہیں ہوتا۔
    I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech موڈل فعل

  • موڈل فعل جو بدلتے ہیں:
    براہِ راست کلام
    (Direct speech)     		بالواسطہ کلام
    (Reported speech)
    will would
    can could
    may might
    shall should
    must
    (ذمہ داری)     		had to
    must
    (حکم
    یا معاہدہ ظاہر کرتا ہے)     		was to
    He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.
    She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.
    John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.
    I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.
    My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.
    The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.
  • موڈل فعل جو نہیں بدلتے
    (ان کی ماضی کی شکل نہیں ہوتی):
    could, should, would, might, ought to
    “I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.
    “You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.
    “I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.
    “It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.
    “You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech ضمائر

ضمائر اس پر منحصر ہوتے ہیں کہ کون بول رہا ہے اور الفاظ کس سے مخاطب ہیں۔

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech وقت اور جگہ

the previous weektd>two days earlier
براہِ راست کلام
(Direct speech) 		بالواسطہ کلام
(Reported speech)
todaythat day
yesterdaythe day before
tomorrowthe next day
nowthen
last week
tonightthat night
two days ago
herethere
thisthat
thesethose
“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.
I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.
I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.
I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.
I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.
I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.
I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.
Come here. She told him to come there.
This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.
I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech افعال

  • افعال جن کے بعد that-clause آتی ہے :
    say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
    I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
  • افعال جن کے بعد to-infinitive آتا ہے:
    advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
    Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech نفی

  • بنیادی فعل سے پہلے not شامل کریں / برقرار رکھیں
    I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
  • اگر مُودَل فعل میں not کے ساتھ منفی صورت ہو تو ہم مُودَل فعل کو بدل کر not شامل کرتے ہیں۔
    I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
  • اگر not قواعد کے بجائے معنی سے متعلق ہو — ہم اسے جوں کا توں رکھتے ہیں۔
    Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech سوالات

  • بالواسطہ کلام میں عام (ہاں/نہیں) سوال if یا whether کے ذریعے شامل کیے جاتے ہیں۔ سوال کا لفظی ترتیب خبر کے جملے جیسی ہوجاتی ہے۔
    • عام Yes/No سوالات میں، جب صرف “ہاں یا نہیں” جاننا ہو، if استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
      Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
    • اگر سوال میں کوئی متبادل یا انتخاب ہو تو whether استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
      Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
  • وہ سوالات جن میں سوالیہ لفظ ہو (wh-questions)

    Reporting verb + wh-word + براہِ راست لفظی ترتیب (بغیر inversion)

    “Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.
    “What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.
    “Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.
    “How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.
    “When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
  • عام سوالات (Yes/No questions) ان کا آغاز Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will وغیرہ سے ہوتا ہے۔

    Reporting verb + if/whether + براہِ راست لفظی ترتیب

    “Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.
    “Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.
    “Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.
    “Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.
    “Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.
    “Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech امریہ صیغہ

مثبت جملہ: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

ممانعت: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech عام غلطیاں

  • سوالات میں inversion برقرار رکھنا
    ❌ He asked where was I going
    ✔️ He asked where I was going
  • “said me” استعمال کرنا
    ❌ He said me that…
    ✔️ He told me that…
    ✔️ He said that…
    say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
  • زمان تبدیل نہ کریں
    ❌ He said he is happy.
    ✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
  • ضمائر تبدیل نہ کریں
    ❌ She said I am tired.
    ✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech جملے

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.
“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.
“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.
“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.
“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.
“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.
“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.
“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.
Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.
Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech مثالیں

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.
“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.
“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.
“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.
“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.
“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.
“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.
“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.
Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.
Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

ایپ میں دستیاب انگریزی گرائمر کی مشقیں

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech