Reported Speech rregull, shembuj, ushtrime dhe teste

Reported speech përdorim

Përdoret për të riprodhuar fjalët e dikujt tjetër duke u ndryshuar formën, në mënyrë që të bëhen pjesë e tekstit tuaj dhe jo një citim i drejtpërdrejtë.
Ne e kthejmë të folurën e drejtpërdrejtë në atë të zhdrejtë.

Reported speech Formë

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (me ndryshim të kohës kur është e nevojshme)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Rregull

Në anglisht, të folurit indirekt nuk shkruhet me thonjëza, ndryshe nga të folurit direkt:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Ndryshimet e kohëve të foljes

Fjala e drejtpërdrejtë (Direct speech)	Fjala e tërthortë (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ Kur koha nuk ndryshon

Të vërteta të përgjithshme, fakte, ligje të natyrës.
Nëse diçka është gjithmonë e vërtetë, koha nuk ndryshon:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
Kur veprimi është ende i rëndësishëm në momentin e të folurit.
Nëse pohimi vazhdon të jetë i vërtetë tani.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (sepse ajo ende jeton atje)
Nëse fjalia e varur është në Past Continuous, atëherë në të folurën e përditshme koha e foljes mund të mos ndryshojë.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Ai tha: “Po luaja futboll kur ajo më telefonoi.”. He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Ai tha se po luante futboll kur ajo e telefonoi.
Nëse folja e raportimit është në të tashmen
Me says, tells, has said nuk ka ndryshim të kohës.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Foljet modale

Foljet modale që ndryshojnë:

Fjala e drejtpërdrejtë (Direct speech)	Fjala e tërthortë (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (detyrim)	had to
must (shpreh një urdhër ose një marrëveshje)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

Foljet modale që NUK ndryshojnë
(nuk kanë formë të së kaluarës):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Përemrat

Përemrat ndryshojnë në varësi të personit që flet dhe atij që i drejtohen fjalët.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Koha dhe vendi

the previous weektd>two days earlier

Fjala e drejtpërdrejtë (Direct speech)	Fjala e tërthortë (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Foljet

Folje pas të cilave vjen një that-clause :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Folje pas të cilave vjen një to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Mohim

Shtoni / mbani not para foljes kryesore
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Nëse folja modale ka mohim me not, e ndryshojmë foljen modale dhe shtojmë not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Nëse not i referohet kuptimit dhe jo gramatikës, e lëmë ashtu siç është.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Pyetje

Në të folurin e zhdrejtë, pyetjet e përgjithshme (po/jo) futen me if ose whether. Renditja e fjalëve e pyetjes kthehet në renditjen e një fjalie pohuese.
- If përdoret në pyetjet e zakonshme Yes/No, kur thjesht duhet të dihet “po apo jo”.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Whether përdoret kur pyetja përfshin një alternativë ose zgjedhje.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
Pyetje me fjalë pyetëse (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + renditje e drejtë e fjalëve (pa përmbysje)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Pyetje të përgjithshme (Yes/No questions) Fillojnë me Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will etj.
Reporting verb + if/whether + renditje e drejtë e fjalëve

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Mënyra urdhërore

Fjali pohore: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Ndalesë: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Gabime tipike

Mbani përmbysjen në pyetje
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
Përdorni “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Mos ndryshoni kohën foljore
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Mos ndryshoni përemrat
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Fjali

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Shembuj

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: fjali, ushtrime, teste dhe shembuj