Reported speech ulanyarys
Beýlekileriň sözlerini göni sitata däl-de, tekstiňizliň bölegine öwürmek üçin olary üýtgedip täzeden gürrüň bermekde ulanylýar.
Göni geplegi ýörüte geçirilýär.
Reported speech Forma
Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (zerur bolsa wagty üýtgedip)
“I am tired”, she said.
She said that she was tired.
Reported speech Düzgünlik
Ingilis dilinde pese–paller göni däl gepleri dyrnaklaryň içine almaly däl, göni geplemeden tapawutlylykda:George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”
George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.
Reported speech Zaman üýtgemeleri
|
Göni gepleme
(Direct speech) |
Garaşylýan gepleşik
(Reported speech) |
|
Present Simple
I know |
Past Simple he said he knew |
| Present Continuous I am doing | Past Continuous he said he was doing |
| Present Perfect I have done | Past Perfect he said he had done |
| Past Simple I did | Past Perfect he said he had done |
| Past Continuous I was doing | Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing |
| Past Perfect I had done | Past Perfect I had done |
| Future (will) I will go | would he said he would go |
❗ Zaman üýtgemeýände
-
Umumy hakykatlar, faktlar, tebigatyň kanunlary.
Bir zat hemişe dogry bolsa — zaman üýtgemeýär:The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun. -
Hereket söz wagtynda hem-de degişli bolanda.
Bellik häzirem dogry bolsa.I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (çünki ol entek hem şol ýerde ýaşaýar) -
Eger goşulma söz Past Continuous görnüşinde bolsa, gepleşik dilinde fiiliň wagty üýtgemän galyp biler.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Ol aýtdy: "Men futbol oýnaýardym, ol maňa jaň edeninde.". He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Ol futbol oýnap ýörkä, ol oňa jaň etdi diýipdi. -
Eger habar beriji fe'l häzirki wagtda bolsa
says, tells, has said bilen zaman üýtgemeýär.I’m busy. She says she is busy
Reported speech Modal fe'ller
-
Üýtgeýän modal fe'ller:
Göni gepleme
(Direct speech)Garaşylýan gepleşik
(Reported speech)will would can could may might shall should must
(borç)had to must
(buýruk
ýa-da ylalaşygy bildirýär)was to He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6. -
Üýtgemeýän modal fe'ller
(geçmiş zaman görnüşi ýok):
could, should, would, might, ought to“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.
Reported speech Öwezlikler
Öwezlikler sözleýän adama we söz kimiň adyna aýdylýandygyna görä üýtgeýär.
“I like your car,” he said.
He said he liked my car.
Reported speech Wagt we ýer
|
Göni gepleme
(Direct speech) |
Garaşylýan gepleşik
(Reported speech) |
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| now | then |
| last week | |
| tonight | that night |
| two days ago | td>two days earlier|
| here | there |
| this | that |
| these | those |
“We have a meeting today,” he said.
He said they had a meeting that day.
I bought these shoes yesterday.
She said she had bought those shoes the day before.
I will come tomorrow.
He said he would come the next day.
I can’t talk now.
He said he couldn’t talk then.
I finished the course last week.
She said she had finished the course the previous week.
I’m going out tonight.
He said he was going out that night.
I moved here two days ago.
She said she had moved there two days earlier.
Come here.
She told him to come there.
This place is beautiful.
He said that place was beautiful.
I bought these shoes.
He said he had bought those shoes.
Reported speech Fe'ller
-
Yzyndan that-clause gelýän fe'ller
:
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…I’m tired. She said that she was tired. -
Yzyndan to-infinitive gelýän fe'ller:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.
Reported speech Inkär
-
Esasy fe'lden öň not goşuň / saklaň
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
-
Eger modal felde not bilen inkär bar bolsa, modal feli üýtgedip not goşýarys.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
-
Eger not grammatika däl-de, manysyna degişli bolsa — ony galdyrýarys.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.
Reported speech Soraglar
-
Egrilen gepde umumy (hawa/ýok) soraglar
if ýa-da whether bilen başlanýar.
Soragyň söz tertibi habar beriji söz tertibine geçirilýär.
-
If adaty Yes/No soraglarda, diňe “hawa ýa-da ýok” bilinmeli bolsa ulanylýar.
Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
-
Soragda alternatiwa ýa-da saýlaw bar bolsa whether ulanylýar.
Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
-
If adaty Yes/No soraglarda, diňe “hawa ýa-da ýok” bilinmeli bolsa ulanylýar.
-
Soralgy sözli soraglar (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + dogry söz tertibi (inversiýasız)
“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her. -
Umumy soraglar (Yes/No questions)
Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will we ş.m. bilen başlanýar.
Reporting verb + if/whether + dogry söz tertibi
“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.
Reported speech Buýruk görnüşi
Tassyklaýjy sözlem: reporting verb + object + to + verb
Open the door.
He told me to open the door.
Gadaganlyk: reporting verb + object + not to + verb
Don’t be late.
She told me not to be late.
Reported speech Adaty ýalňyşlyklar
-
Soraglarda inversiýany saklamak
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going -
“said me” ulanmak
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом -
Wagty üýtgetmäň
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени. -
Şahsy atlary üýtgetmäň
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.
Reported speech Sözlemler
“I am learning French,” she said.
She said she was learning French.
“He has finished his project,” they said.
They said he had finished his project.
“I shall return soon,” he said.
He said he should return soon.
“You must call her today,” Mom said.
Mom said I had to call her that day.
“What time does the train leave?” I asked.
I asked what time the train left.
“Why are you crying?” he asked.
He asked why I was crying.
“Can she swim?” I asked.
I asked if she could swim.
“Is your brother at home?” she asked.
She asked whether my brother was at home.
Leave your shoes outside.
He told me to leave my shoes outside.
Don’t touch that button.
She told me not to touch that button.
Reported speech Mysallar
“I was reading a book,” she said.
She said she had been reading a book.
“We have seen this movie,” they said.
They said they had seen that movie.
“He will help us tomorrow,” I said.
I said he would help us the next day.
“When did she arrive?” he asked.
He asked when she had arrived.
“Where are my keys?” she asked.
She asked where her keys were.
“Does he like pizza?” I asked.
I asked if he liked pizza.
“Will they join us?” she asked.
She asked if they would join us.
“You ought to apologize,” he said.
He said I ought to apologize.
Be quiet, please.
She told me to be quiet.
Don’t forget your umbrella.
He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.
