Countable and Uncountable: sözlemler, maşklar, synaglar we mysallar

Countable and Uncountable Nouns ulanyarys

Sanalyp bolýan atlar bir-bir sanap bolýan atlardyr: bir alma, iki kitap. Sanalyp bolmaýan atlar bolsa köplenç massa, madda, material, abstrakt pikir ýa-da bitewi topar hökmünde görülýän atlardyr: suw, tüwi, mebel, maglumat, maslahat. Bu tema dogry a/an, the, some, any, many, much, a few, a little we dogry işlik formasyny saýlamaga kömek edýär.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Forma

Sanalýan atlar ýekelik we köplük görnüşlerine eýedir. Sanalmaýan atlar adatça köplük görnüşine eýe bolmaýar, a/an bilen ulanylmaýar we adatça ýekelik işligi alýar.

Countable: a book → books / an apple → apples
Uncountable: milk, rice, money, information, furniture, advice

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Düzgünlik

• Ýeke-täk sanap bolýan atyň öňünde, adatça bize bir anyklaýjy söz gerek bolýar: mysal üçin, bir artikl (a/an/the), bir eýelik sözi (my, your, his, her, our, their), bir görkeziji söz (this, that) ýa-da başga bir anyklaýjy söz.
  ✅ I need a chair.

  ✅ The chair by the window is broken.

  ✅ My phone is in the bag.

  ❌ I need chair.
• Köpçülik atlar we sanalmaýan atlar bilen, a/an ulanmaýarys. Haçan-da biz umumylykda gürrüň edýän bolsak, at köplenç artiklsiz ulanylýar. Haçan-da biz belli bir zady göz öňünde tutýan bolsak, köplenç the ulanýarys.
  ✅ Cars are expensive. (= cars in general)

  ✅ The cars outside are ours. (= specific cars)

  ✅ I drink coffee. (= coffee in general)

  ✅ The coffee on the table is cold. (= specific coffee)
• Biz adatça hasaplanmaýan atlar bilen a/an-y ulanmaýarys. Olar adatça ýeke sanda işligi kabul edýärler.
  ✅ Money is important.

  ✅ Research takes time.

  ✅ The news is good.
• Some adatça tassyklama sözlemlerinde ulanylýar, any bolsa soraglarda we inkär sözlemlerinde has köp duş gelýär. Ýöne biz some-y soraglarda hem ulanyp bileris, haçan-da biz bir zady teklip edenimizde, soran wagtymyzda ýa-da jogabyň “hawa” bolmagyna garaşanymyzda.
  ✅ I bought some apples.

  ✅ We need some sugar.

  ✅ Do you have any apples?

  ✅ Is there any sugar?

  ✅ Would you like some tea?

  ✅ Can I have some water?
• many / a few / few sözlerini sanap bolýan atlar bilen, much / a little / little sözlerini bolsa sanap bolmaýan atlar bilen ulanyň. Adaty tassyklama sözlemlerinde a lot of / lots of köplenç many / much-dan has tebigy eşidilýär.
  ✅ There are many people here.

  ✅ I have a few ideas. (= some, enough)

  ✅ I have few ideas. (= not many, not enough)

  ✅ There isn’t much time.

  ✅ Add a little salt. (= some, enough)

  ✅ We have little money left. (= not enough)

  ✅ She has a lot of friends.

  ✅ We did a lot of work.
• Möçberi soramak üçin, sanalýan atlar bilen How many...? we sanalmaýan atlar bilen How much...? ulanylýar.
  ✅ How many books do you have?

  ✅ How much water do we need?
• Sanalyp bolmaýan isimi “sanamak” üçin ölçeg birligini, gap ýa-da taýýar söz düzümini ulanyň: bir bölek, azajyk, bir çüýşe, bir käse, bir çörek, bir dilim.
  ✅ a piece of advice

  ✅ two pieces of news

  ✅ a loaf of bread

  ✅ three cups of coffee

  ✅ two bottles of water
• Başga dillerde sanalýan bolup biljek käbir sözler iňlis dilinde adatça sanalmaýan bolýar: maslahat, maglumat, mebel, ýük, täzelikler, gözleg, öý işi, enjam, ulag gatnawy, ösüş, bilim.
  ✅ some information

  ✅ a piece of advice

  ✅ some news

  ✅ a lot of equipment

  ❌ informations

  ❌ advices
• Käbir atlar hem sanalýan, hem-de sanalmaýan bolup biler. Manysy kontekste baglylykda üýtgeýär.
  ✅ I don’t drink much coffee. (= the drink in general)

  ✅ We’d like two coffees. (= two cups)
  ✅ I’d like some cake. (= cake as food)

  ✅ She baked two cakes. (= two whole cakes)
  ✅ She has long hair. (= hair in general)

  ✅ There is a hair in my soup. (= one strand)
  ✅ I don’t have much free time this week. (= time in general)

  ✅ I go to the gym three times a week. (= number of times)
  ✅ I need some paper. (= material to write on)

  ✅ I bought a paper. (= a newspaper/document)
  ✅ I saw some glass near the window. (= material / broken glass)

  ✅ Can I have a glass of juice? (= a drinking container)
  ✅ There isn’t much room in the car. (= space)

  ✅ There are five rooms in this house. (= parts of a house)
  ✅ I had trouble finding work. (= employment)

  ✅ There are many works of art here. (= creations)
• Käbir atlar köplük atlar ýaly görünýär we adatça diňe şol görnüşde ulanylýar: balak, gaýçy, äýnek, dürbi. Olary sanamak üçin, biz köplenç bir jübüt diýen gurluşy ulanýarys.
  ✅ My trousers are too long.

  ✅ These scissors are sharp.

  ✅ I bought a pair of trousers.

  ✅ She needs two pairs of glasses.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Adaty ýalňyşlyklar

Adaty ýalňyşlyklar: öňünde hiç hili söz goýman ýeke sanly sanalýan at ulanmak, sanalmaýan at bilen a/an ulanmak, sanalmaýan aty köpçülige öwürmek, mukdar bildirýän nädogry sözi saýlamak ýa-da umumy we anyk manyny garyşdyrmak.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Sözlemler

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Mysallar