Countable and Uncountable: abairtí, cleachtaí, tástálacha agus samplaí

Countable and Uncountable Nouns úsáidimid

Is ainmfhocail iad ainmfhocail ináirithe is féidir linn a chomhaireamh ceann ar cheann: úll amháin, dhá leabhar. Is ainmfhocail iad ainmfhocail neamháirithe a fheictear de ghnáth mar mhais, substaint, ábhar, smaoineamh teibí, nó iomláine chomhchoiteann: uisce, rís, troscán, eolas, comhairle. Cabhraíonn an topaic seo leat an a/an, the, some, any, many, much, a few, a little ceart, agus an fhoirm cheart den bhriathar a roghnú.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Fhoirm

Tá foirmeacha uatha agus iolra ag ainmfhocail inchomhairthe. De ghnáth, ní bhíonn foirm iolra ag ainmfhocail dho-inchomhairthe, ní úsáidtear le a/an iad, agus de ghnáth glacann siad le briathar uatha.

Countable: a book → books / an apple → apples
Uncountable: milk, rice, money, information, furniture, advice

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Riail

• Roimh ainmfhocal ináirithe san uimhir uatha, de ghnáth bíonn cinntitheoir de dhíth orainn: mar shampla, alt (a/an/the), forainm sealbhach (my, your, his, her, our, their), forainm taispeántach (this, that), nó cinntitheoir eile.
  ✅ I need a chair.

  ✅ The chair by the window is broken.

  ✅ My phone is in the bag.

  ❌ I need chair.
• Le hainmfhocail iolra agus le hainmfhocail dho-áirithe, ní úsáidimid a/an. Nuair a labhraímid go ginearálta, is minic a úsáidtear an t-ainmfhocal gan alt. Nuair a chiallaímid rud sonrach, is minic a úsáidimid the.
  ✅ Cars are expensive. (= cars in general)

  ✅ The cars outside are ours. (= specific cars)

  ✅ I drink coffee. (= coffee in general)

  ✅ The coffee on the table is cold. (= specific coffee)
• Ní úsáidimid a/an de ghnáth le hainmfhocail neamháirimh. De ghnáth glacann siad le briathar uatha.
  ✅ Money is important.

  ✅ Research takes time.

  ✅ The news is good.
• Úsáidtear some de ghnáth in abairtí dearfacha, agus bíonn any níos coitianta i gceisteanna agus in abairtí diúltacha. Ach is féidir linn some a úsáid i gceisteanna freisin nuair a thairgimid rud éigin, a iarraimid, nó a mbeimid ag súil leis an bhfreagra “yes”.
  ✅ I bought some apples.

  ✅ We need some sugar.

  ✅ Do you have any apples?

  ✅ Is there any sugar?

  ✅ Would you like some tea?

  ✅ Can I have some water?
• Úsáid many / a few / few le hainmfhocail inchomhairthe, agus much / a little / little le hainmfhocail dhosháirithe. I ngnáth-abairtí dearfacha, is minic a bhíonn a lot of / lots of níos nádúrtha ná many / much.
  ✅ There are many people here.

  ✅ I have a few ideas. (= some, enough)

  ✅ I have few ideas. (= not many, not enough)

  ✅ There isn’t much time.

  ✅ Add a little salt. (= some, enough)

  ✅ We have little money left. (= not enough)

  ✅ She has a lot of friends.

  ✅ We did a lot of work.
• Chun ceist a chur faoi chainníocht, bain úsáid as How many...? le hainmfhocail inchomhairthe agus How much...? le hainmfhocail dhosháimhsithe.
  ✅ How many books do you have?

  ✅ How much water do we need?
• Chun ainmfhocal do-áirithe a “chomhaireamh”, bain úsáid as aonad, coimeádán, nó frása réamhdhéanta: píosa de, giota de, buidéal de, cupán de, builín de, slis de.
  ✅ a piece of advice

  ✅ two pieces of news

  ✅ a loaf of bread

  ✅ three cups of coffee

  ✅ two bottles of water
• Bíonn roinnt focal ar féidir iad a chomhaireamh i dteangacha eile de ghnáth do-áirithe sa Bhéarla: comhairle, eolas, troscán, bagáiste, nuacht, taighde, obair bhaile, trealamh, trácht, dul chun cinn, eolas.
  ✅ some information

  ✅ a piece of advice

  ✅ some news

  ✅ a lot of equipment

  ❌ informations

  ❌ advices
• Is féidir le roinnt ainmfhocal a bheith ina n-ainmfhocail ináirithe agus doináirithe araon. Athraíonn an bhrí ag brath ar an gcomhthéacs.
  ✅ I don’t drink much coffee. (= the drink in general)

  ✅ We’d like two coffees. (= two cups)
  ✅ I’d like some cake. (= cake as food)

  ✅ She baked two cakes. (= two whole cakes)
  ✅ She has long hair. (= hair in general)

  ✅ There is a hair in my soup. (= one strand)
  ✅ I don’t have much free time this week. (= time in general)

  ✅ I go to the gym three times a week. (= number of times)
  ✅ I need some paper. (= material to write on)

  ✅ I bought a paper. (= a newspaper/document)
  ✅ I saw some glass near the window. (= material / broken glass)

  ✅ Can I have a glass of juice? (= a drinking container)
  ✅ There isn’t much room in the car. (= space)

  ✅ There are five rooms in this house. (= parts of a house)
  ✅ I had trouble finding work. (= employment)

  ✅ There are many works of art here. (= creations)
• Tá cuma ainmfhocail iolra ar roinnt ainmfhocal agus de ghnáth ní úsáidtear iad ach san fhoirm sin: bríste, siosúr, spéaclaí, déshúiligh. Chun iad a chomhaireamh, is minic a úsáidimid péire.
  ✅ My trousers are too long.

  ✅ These scissors are sharp.

  ✅ I bought a pair of trousers.

  ✅ She needs two pairs of glasses.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Botúin choitianta

Botúin choitianta: ainmfhocal uatha ináirithe a fhágáil gan focal roimhe, a/an a úsáid le hainmfhocal do-áirithe, ainmfhocal do-áirithe a dhéanamh iolra, an focal cainníochta mícheart a roghnú, nó an bhrí ghinearálta agus an bhrí shonrach a mheascadh.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Abairtí

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Samplaí