Countable and Uncountable: stavki, vaje, testi in primeri

Countable and Uncountable Nouns uporabljamo

Števni samostalniki so samostalniki, ki jih lahko štejemo enega po enega: eno jabolko, dve knjigi. Neštevni samostalniki so samostalniki, ki jih navadno dojemamo kot maso, snov, material, abstraktno idejo ali celoto: voda, riž, pohištvo, informacije, nasveti. Ta tema vam pomaga izbrati pravilen a/an, the, some, any, many, much, a few, a little in pravilno glagolsko obliko.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Oblika

Števni samostalniki imajo edninsko in množinsko obliko. Neštevni samostalniki navadno nimajo množinske oblike, se ne uporabljajo z a/an in običajno zahtevajo glagol v ednini.

Countable: a book → books / an apple → apples
Uncountable: milk, rice, money, information, furniture, advice

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Pravilo

• Pred edninskim števnim samostalnikom običajno potrebujemo določilo: na primer člen (a/an/the), svojilni zaimek (my, your, his, her, our, their), kazalni zaimek (this, that) ali drugo določilo.
  ✅ I need a chair.

  ✅ The chair by the window is broken.

  ✅ My phone is in the bag.

  ❌ I need chair.
• Pri samostalnikih v množini in neštevnih samostalnikih ne uporabljamo a/an. Kadar govorimo na splošno, je samostalnik pogosto rabljen brez člena. Kadar mislimo na nekaj določenega, pogosto uporabimo the.
  ✅ Cars are expensive. (= cars in general)

  ✅ The cars outside are ours. (= specific cars)

  ✅ I drink coffee. (= coffee in general)

  ✅ The coffee on the table is cold. (= specific coffee)
• Običajno ne uporabljamo a/an z neštevnimi samostalniki. Ti običajno zahtevajo glagol v ednini.
  ✅ Money is important.

  ✅ Research takes time.

  ✅ The news is good.
• Some se običajno uporablja v trdilnih povedih, any pa je pogostejši v vprašanjih in nikalnih povedih. Vendar lahko some uporabljamo tudi v vprašanjih, kadar ponujamo, prosimo za ali pričakujemo odgovor »da«.
  ✅ I bought some apples.

  ✅ We need some sugar.

  ✅ Do you have any apples?

  ✅ Is there any sugar?

  ✅ Would you like some tea?

  ✅ Can I have some water?
• Uporabljaj many / a few / few z števnimi samostalniki in much / a little / little z neštevnimi samostalniki. V navadnih trdilnih povedih je a lot of / lots of pogosto bolj naravno kot many / much.
  ✅ There are many people here.

  ✅ I have a few ideas. (= some, enough)

  ✅ I have few ideas. (= not many, not enough)

  ✅ There isn’t much time.

  ✅ Add a little salt. (= some, enough)

  ✅ We have little money left. (= not enough)

  ✅ She has a lot of friends.

  ✅ We did a lot of work.
• Za vprašanje o količini uporabite How many...? s števnimi samostalniki in How much...? z neštevnimi samostalniki.
  ✅ How many books do you have?

  ✅ How much water do we need?
• Da lahko »preštejemo« neštevni samostalnik, uporabimo enoto, posodo ali ustaljeno zvezo: kos, malo, steklenica, skodelica, štruca, rezina.
  ✅ a piece of advice

  ✅ two pieces of news

  ✅ a loaf of bread

  ✅ three cups of coffee

  ✅ two bottles of water
• Nekatere besede, ki so v drugih jezikih lahko števne, so v angleščini običajno neštevne: nasvet, informacije, pohištvo, prtljaga, novice, raziskovanje, domača naloga, oprema, promet, napredek, znanje.
  ✅ some information

  ✅ a piece of advice

  ✅ some news

  ✅ a lot of equipment

  ❌ informations

  ❌ advices
• Nekateri samostalniki so lahko tako števni kot neštevni. Pomen se spreminja glede na kontekst.
  ✅ I don’t drink much coffee. (= the drink in general)

  ✅ We’d like two coffees. (= two cups)
  ✅ I’d like some cake. (= cake as food)

  ✅ She baked two cakes. (= two whole cakes)
  ✅ She has long hair. (= hair in general)

  ✅ There is a hair in my soup. (= one strand)
  ✅ I don’t have much free time this week. (= time in general)

  ✅ I go to the gym three times a week. (= number of times)
  ✅ I need some paper. (= material to write on)

  ✅ I bought a paper. (= a newspaper/document)
  ✅ I saw some glass near the window. (= material / broken glass)

  ✅ Can I have a glass of juice? (= a drinking container)
  ✅ There isn’t much room in the car. (= space)

  ✅ There are five rooms in this house. (= parts of a house)
  ✅ I had trouble finding work. (= employment)

  ✅ There are many works of art here. (= creations)
• Nekateri samostalniki so videti kot množinski samostalniki in se navadno uporabljajo samo v tej obliki: hlače, škarje, očala, daljnogled. Za njihovo štetje pogosto uporabljamo par.
  ✅ My trousers are too long.

  ✅ These scissors are sharp.

  ✅ I bought a pair of trousers.

  ✅ She needs two pairs of glasses.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Tipične napake

Pogoste napake: pustiti edninski števni samostalnik brez besede pred njim, uporabiti a/an z neštevnim samostalnikom, tvoriti množino neštevnega samostalnika, izbrati napačno količinsko besedo ali zamenjevati splošni in določni pomen.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Stavki

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Primeri