Countable and Uncountable: gaplar, mashqlar, testlar va misollar

Countable and Uncountable Nouns foydalanamiz

Sanaladigan otlar — biz birma-bir sanay oladigan otlar: bitta olma, ikkita kitob. Sanalmaydigan otlar esa odatda massa, modda, material, mavhum g‘oya yoki yaxlit to‘plam sifatida qaraladigan otlardir: suv, guruch, mebel, ma’lumot, maslahat. Bu mavzu sizga to‘g‘ri a/an, the, some, any, many, much, a few, a little va to‘g‘ri fe’l shaklini tanlashga yordam beradi.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Forma

Sanaladigan otlarning birlik va ko‘plik shakllari bo‘ladi. Sanalmaydigan otlar odatda ko‘plik shakliga ega bo‘lmaydi, a/an bilan ishlatilmaydi va odatda birlikdagi fe’lni talab qiladi.

Countable: a book → books / an apple → apples
Uncountable: milk, rice, money, information, furniture, advice

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Qoidalar

• Birlikdagi sanaladigan otdan oldin odatda aniqlovchi kerak bo‘ladi: masalan, artikl (a/an/the), egalik shakli (my, your, his, her, our, their), ko‘rsatish olmoshi (this, that) yoki boshqa bir aniqlovchi.
  ✅ I need a chair.

  ✅ The chair by the window is broken.

  ✅ My phone is in the bag.

  ❌ I need chair.
• Ko‘plikdagi otlar va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan a/an ishlatilmaydi. Umuman olganda gapirganda, ot ko‘pincha artiklsiz ishlatiladi. Muayyan bir narsa nazarda tutilganda esa, ko‘pincha the ishlatiladi.
  ✅ Cars are expensive. (= cars in general)

  ✅ The cars outside are ours. (= specific cars)

  ✅ I drink coffee. (= coffee in general)

  ✅ The coffee on the table is cold. (= specific coffee)
• Biz odatda a/an ni sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatmaymiz. Ular odatda birlikdagi fe’l oladi.
  ✅ Money is important.

  ✅ Research takes time.

  ✅ The news is good.
• Some odatda tasdiq gaplarda ishlatiladi, any esa savol va inkor gaplarda ko‘proq uchraydi. Ammo biz some ni savollarda ham, biror narsani taklif qilganimizda, so‘raganimizda yoki javob “ha” bo‘lishini kutganimizda ishlata olamiz.
  ✅ I bought some apples.

  ✅ We need some sugar.

  ✅ Do you have any apples?

  ✅ Is there any sugar?

  ✅ Would you like some tea?

  ✅ Can I have some water?
• many / a few / few ni sanaladigan otlar bilan, much / a little / little ni esa sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlating. Oddiy darak gaplarda a lot of / lots of ko‘pincha many / much ga qaraganda tabiiyroq eshitiladi.
  ✅ There are many people here.

  ✅ I have a few ideas. (= some, enough)

  ✅ I have few ideas. (= not many, not enough)

  ✅ There isn’t much time.

  ✅ Add a little salt. (= some, enough)

  ✅ We have little money left. (= not enough)

  ✅ She has a lot of friends.

  ✅ We did a lot of work.
• Miqdor haqida so‘rash uchun sanaladigan otlar bilan How many...? va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan How much...? dan foydalaning.
  ✅ How many books do you have?

  ✅ How much water do we need?
• Sanalmaydigan otni “sanash” uchun o‘lchov birligi, idish yoki tayyor iboradan foydalaning: a piece of, a bit of, a bottle of, a cup of, a loaf of, a slice of.
  ✅ a piece of advice

  ✅ two pieces of news

  ✅ a loaf of bread

  ✅ three cups of coffee

  ✅ two bottles of water
• Boshqa tillarda sanaladigan bo‘lishi mumkin bo‘lgan ayrim so‘zlar ingliz tilida odatda sanalmaydigan bo‘ladi: maslahat, ma’lumot, mebel, yuk, yangiliklar, tadqiqot, uy vazifasi, jihozlar, transport qatnovi, taraqqiyot, bilim.
  ✅ some information

  ✅ a piece of advice

  ✅ some news

  ✅ a lot of equipment

  ❌ informations

  ❌ advices
• Ba’zi otlar ham sanalmaydigan, ham sanaladigan bo‘lishi mumkin. Ma’no kontekstga qarab o‘zgaradi.
  ✅ I don’t drink much coffee. (= the drink in general)

  ✅ We’d like two coffees. (= two cups)
  ✅ I’d like some cake. (= cake as food)

  ✅ She baked two cakes. (= two whole cakes)
  ✅ She has long hair. (= hair in general)

  ✅ There is a hair in my soup. (= one strand)
  ✅ I don’t have much free time this week. (= time in general)

  ✅ I go to the gym three times a week. (= number of times)
  ✅ I need some paper. (= material to write on)

  ✅ I bought a paper. (= a newspaper/document)
  ✅ I saw some glass near the window. (= material / broken glass)

  ✅ Can I have a glass of juice? (= a drinking container)
  ✅ There isn’t much room in the car. (= space)

  ✅ There are five rooms in this house. (= parts of a house)
  ✅ I had trouble finding work. (= employment)

  ✅ There are many works of art here. (= creations)
• Ba’zi otlar ko‘plikdagi otlarga o‘xshaydi va odatda faqat shu shaklda ishlatiladi: shim, qaychi, ko‘zoynak, durbin. Ularni sanash uchun biz ko‘pincha bir juft iborasidan foydalanamiz.
  ✅ My trousers are too long.

  ✅ These scissors are sharp.

  ✅ I bought a pair of trousers.

  ✅ She needs two pairs of glasses.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Odatdagi xatolar

Keng tarqalgan xatolar: oldida biror so‘zsiz birlikdagi sanaladigan otni qoldirish, sanalmaydigan ot bilan a/an ishlatish, sanalmaydigan otni ko‘plik qilish, noto‘g‘ri miqdor so‘zini tanlash yoki umumiy va aniq ma’noni aralashtirib yuborish.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Gaplar

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Misollar