Quantifiers: abairtí, cleachtaí, tástálacha agus samplaí

Quantifiers úsáidimid

Is focail agus frásaí iad cainníochtóirí a léiríonn méid: a lán, beagán, cúpla, go leor, an iomarca, nó an iomarca díobh. Cabhraíonn siad leis na ceisteanna Cé mhéad? agus Cé mhéad ceann? a fhreagairt.

There is too much rain and not enough sun in London.
Tá an iomarca báistí agus gan go leor gréine i Londain.
I have too much work today. There are too many tasks and not enough time.
Tá an iomarca oibre agam inniu. Tá an iomarca tascanna ann agus níl go leor ama ann.
The green hat was too big, but the blue hat was big enough.
Bhí an hata glas rómhór, ach bhí an hata gorm mór go leor.
We have a few apples and a little milk.
Tá cúpla úll agus beagán bainne againn.

Quantifiers Fhoirm

Is í an phríomh-riail: ar dtús, seiceáil cén cineál ainmfhocail atá agat — ináirithe nó neamháirithe.

Cineál ainmfhocail Úsáid Samplaí
Ainmfhocail inchomhairthe many, too many, several, a few, few, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough many tasks
too many cars
a few friends
enough chairs
Ainmfhocail do-áirithe much, too much, a little, a bit of, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, enough much time
too much rain
a little milk
enough money

countable plural: many / too many / a few + plural noun
uncountable: much / too much / a little + uncountable noun

There are too many toys in our son's room.
Tá an iomarca bréagán i seomra ár mic.
You added too much salt to this soup.
Chuir tú an iomarca salainn sa anraith seo.
We baked enough cakes for all the guests.
Bhácáil muid go leor cácaí do na haíonna go léir.
We didn't have enough time to finish the test.
Ní raibh go leor ama againn chun an triail a chríochnú.

Ró- agus a dhóthain le haidiachtaí / dobhriathra

Foirm Brí Sampla
too + adjective / adverb an iomarca, níos mó ná mar is gá This tea is too hot.
adjective / adverb + enough go leor, a dhóthain The blue hat was big enough.
not + adjective / adverb + enough ní leor, níl a dhóthain ann The Christmas tree isn't tall enough.
enough + noun méid / uimhir leordhóthanach We have enough money.
The coffee is too hot. Don't drink it too fast.
Tá an caife ró-the. Ná hól é ró-thapa.
He plays well enough to win the championship.
Imríonn sé sách maith chun an craobhchomórtas a bhuachan.
This house is cheap enough for Mary to buy.
Tá an teach seo sách saor chun go gceannódh Máire é.

Quantifiers Riail

  • Úsáid go leor agus an iomarca le hainmfhocail chomhaireamh iolra.

    many / too many + plural countable noun

    There are too many cars on the road.
    Tá an iomarca carranna ar an mbóthar.
    How many students are there in your class?
    Cé mhéad dalta atá i do rang?
  • Úsáid much agus too much le hainmfhocail neamhchomhaireamh.

    much / too much + uncountable noun

    There is too much traffic in the city centre.
    Tá an iomarca tráchta i lár na cathrach.
    How much money do you need?
    Cé mhéad airgid atá uait?
  • Ciallaíonn an iomarca agus an iomarca de “níos mó ná mar is gá”, agus is fadhb é seo de ghnáth.
    I can't sleep because there is too much noise.
    Ní féidir liom codladh mar tá an iomarca torainn ann.
    There are too many people in this small room.
    Tá an iomarca daoine sa seomra beag seo.
  • Tagann enough le hainmfhocal roimh an ainmfhocal: dóthain airgid, dóthain suíochán, dóthain ama.

    enough + noun

    I have enough money to buy a new laptop.
    Tá go leor airgid agam chun ríomhaire glúine nua a cheannach.
    There aren't enough seats in the room for everyone.
    Níl dóthain suíochán sa seomra do gach duine.
  • Tagann enough le haidiacht nó le dobhriathar ina diaidh: big enough, quickly enough, interesting enough.

    adjective / adverb + enough

    The red hat wasn't big enough.
    Ní raibh an hata dearg mór go leor.
    You didn't talk quietly enough, so you woke the baby.
    Níor labhair tú go ciúin go leor, mar sin mhúscail tú an leanbh.
  • Úsáidtear a few le hainmfhocail ináirithe iolra agus ciallaíonn sé “cuid, líon beag, ach a dhóthain”.
    I have a few ideas for the project.
    Tá cúpla smaoineamh agam don tionscadal.
    We invited a few friends to dinner.
    Thugamar cuireadh do chúpla cara chun dinnéir.
  • Úsáidtear beagán agus corrán de le hainmfhocail neamháirithe agus ciallaíonn siad “roinnt, méid beag, ach a dhóthain”.
    There is a little milk in the fridge.
    Tá beagán bainne sa chuisneoir.
    We've got a bit of time before our train.
    Tá beagán ama againn sula dtiocfaidh ár dtraein.
  • Fuaimníonn few agus little gan a níos diúltaí: “ní mórán / ní i bhfad, beagnach tada, níos lú ná mar is gá”.
    She has few friends, so she feels lonely.
    Is beag cairde atá aici, mar sin mothaíonn sí uaigneach.
    We have little time, so we must hurry.
    Níl mórán ama againn, mar sin caithfimid deifir a dhéanamh.
  • Is féidir a lot of agus lots of a úsáid le hainmfhocail ináirithe agus neamháirithe araon. Sa Bhéarla laethúil, is minic a fhuaimníonn siad níos nádúrtha ná much agus many in abairtí dearfacha.
    There are a lot of books on the shelf.
    Tá a lán leabhar ar an seilf.
    She gave me lots of useful information.
    Thug sí go leor eolais úsáideach dom.
  • Tá some níos coitianta in abairtí dearfacha, agus tá any coitianta i gceisteanna agus in abairtí diúltacha. Ach úsáidtear some freisin in iarratais agus i dtairiscintí nuair a bhíonn muid ag súil le freagra dearfach.
    We bought some apples.
    Cheannaíomar cúpla úll.
    Do you have any questions?
    An bhfuil aon cheist agat?
    Would you like some tea?
    Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?

Quantifiers Diúltú

I n-abairtí diúltacha, is minic a úsáidimid not enough, not much, not many, agus not any.

  • Ciallaíonn not enough + noun “níos lú ná an méid nó an líon riachtanach”.
    We don't have enough time to finish the test.
    Níl go leor ama againn chun an tástáil a chríochnú.
    There aren't enough chairs for everyone.
    Níl go leor cathaoireacha ann do chách.
  • ciallaíonn not + adjective / adverb + enough “nach bhfuil sách maith ó thaobh cáilíochta nó céime de”.
    This book is not interesting enough.
    Níl an leabhar seo suimiúil go leor.
    You didn't write clearly enough.
    Níor scríobh tú sách soiléir.
  • Bain úsáid as not much le hainmfhocail neamháirithe agus not many le hainmfhocail ináirithe iolra.
    There isn't much food left.
    Níl mórán bia fágtha.
    There aren't many people in the office today.
    Níl mórán daoine san oifig inniu.
  • Úsáidtear aon go minic i ndiaidh briathar diúltach.
    I don't have any money with me.
    Níl aon airgead agam liom.
    We didn't buy any vegetables.
    Níor cheannaíomar aon ghlasraí.

Quantifiers Ceisteanna

Chun ceist a chur faoi chainníocht, bain úsáid as Cé mhéad...? le hainmfhocail ináirithe agus Cé mhéad...? le hainmfhocail neamháirithe.

How many + plural countable noun + ...?
How much + uncountable noun + ...?
Do / Does / Did + subject + have + enough + noun?
Is / Are + subject + too + adjective?

How many tasks do you have today?
Cé mhéad tasc atá agat inniu?
How much work do you have today?
Cé mhéad oibre atá agat inniu?
Do we have enough time?
An bhfuil go leor ama againn?
Are there enough seats for everyone?
An bhfuil go leor suíochán ann do chách?
Is the coffee too hot?
An bhfuil an caife ró-the?
Would you like some tea?
Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?

Quantifiers Botúin choitianta

Tarlaíonn botúin choitianta mar go gcuireann foghlaimeoirí ainmfhocail inchomhaireamhtha agus ainmfhocail dhoshamhaireamhtha amú ar a chéile, nó go gcuireann siad enough san áit mhícheart.

❌ There are too much cars on the road.
✅ There are too many cars on the road.
❌ I have too many work today.
✅ I have too much work today.
❌ I have not money enough to buy a laptop.
✅ I don't have enough money to buy a laptop.
❌ The Christmas tree isn't enough tall.
✅ The Christmas tree isn't tall enough.
❌ We have a few time before the train.
✅ We have a little time before the train.
❌ There is a little chairs in the room.
✅ There are a few chairs in the room.
❌ Do you have some questions?
✅ Do you have any questions?
I gceist neodrach, is gnách dúinn any a úsáid. In iarratas nó tairiscint, is féidir some a úsáid: Ar mhaith leat roinnt tae?
❌ She gave me many useful information.
✅ She gave me a lot of useful information.
✅ She gave me much useful information. (correct, but more formal / less common in everyday speech)

Quantifiers Abairtí

I don't like this weather. There is too much rain and not enough sun.
Ní maith liom an aimsir seo. Tá an iomarca báistí ann agus níl go leor gréine ann.
There are too many tasks on my list today.
Tá an iomarca tascanna ar mo liosta inniu.
We have enough money to buy the tickets.
Tá go leor airgid againn chun na ticéid a cheannach.
There aren't enough seats for all the students.
Níl go leor suíochán ann do na mic léinn go léir.
The room is too noisy for studying.
Tá an seomra róghlórach don staidéar.
She speaks slowly enough for everyone to understand.
Labhraíonn sí go mall go leor chun go dtuigfidh gach duine.
I need a little time to think.
Teastaíonn beagán ama uaim le smaoineamh.
We bought a few sandwiches for the trip.
Cheannaíomar cúpla ceapaire don turas.
There isn't much sugar in this tea.
Níl mórán siúcra sa tae seo.
There aren't many shops near my house.
Níl mórán siopaí in aice le mo theach.
My brother has several books about space.
Tá roinnt leabhar faoi spás ag mo dheartháir.
We have some bread, but we don't have any butter.
Tá roinnt aráin againn, ach níl aon im againn.

Quantifiers Samplaí

A: How much time do we have before the lesson?
B: We have a little time, but not much. Let's start now.
A: How many students are coming to the party?
B: I invited a few friends, but there aren't too many people.
A: Can we buy this laptop?
B: Yes, we have enough money. It is cheap enough for us.
A: Why can't you finish the test?
B: There are too many questions, and we don't have enough time.
The soup has too much salt, so it isn't tasty enough for the guests.
Tá an iomarca salainn sa anraith, mar sin níl sé sách blasta do na haíonna.
We brought a few bottles of water and a little food, but it wasn't enough for the whole day.
Thugamar cúpla buidéal uisce agus beagán bia linn, ach níor leor é don lá ar fad.
There were lots of people at the station, but there weren't many seats.
Bhí go leor daoine ag an stáisiún, ach ní raibh mórán suíochán ann.

Cleacht anois féin

Neartaigh an riail i gcleachtas. Ní thógann sé ach 30 soicind.

Seiceálann IS freagraí agus míníonn sí botúin
Cleachtadh fuaimnithe
Na mílte cleachtadh ar rialacha éagsúla
Cleachtadh 1 as 5
Quantifiers
Download on the App Store Get it on Google Play
Leid

Úsáid an cleachtadh seo le seiceáil an féidir leat Cainníochtóirí a chur i bhfeidhm in abairt fhíor.

Cleachtaí gramadaí Béarla atá ar fáil san aip

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural