Relative Clauses: sözlemler, maşklar, synaglar we mysallar

Relative Clauses ulanyarys

Baglanyşykly ýan sözlemler çylşyrymly sözlemleriň bölegidir we bir adam ýa-da bir zat barada möhüm maglumat berýär.

The person who called you is my brother.
Saňa jaň eden adam meniň doganym.
This is the restaurant where we first met.
Bu biziň ilkinji duşuşan iýerimizdir.

Belli birinji ýan sözlemleriň iki görnüşi bar:

  • Kesgitleýji baglanyşykly sözlemler möhüm maglumat berýär
  • Kesgitlemeýän baglanyşykly sözlemler goşmaça, möhüm bolmadyk maglumat berýär

Defining Relative Clauses

Kesgitleýji baglanyşykly sözlemler möhüm maglumat berýär, şonuň üçin olary sözlemden aýryp bolmaýar.
  • verguller bilen aýrylmaýar
  • baglanyşykly atyň ornuny “that” tutup biler
    The teacher who helped me was very kind. The teacher that helped me was very kind.
    The laptop which I bought yesterday is expensive. The laptop that I bought yesterday is expensive.
  • käbir ýagdaýlarda gatnaşygy görkezýän who / which / that sözlemiň predmetidir bolsa, ol goýberilip bilner
    The movie that we watched yesterday was amazing. The movie we watched yesterday was amazing.
    The person who I met at the conference was very friendly. The person I met at the conference was very friendly.
    The book which she recommended helped me a lot. The book she recommended helped me a lot.
  • all, everything, nothing, something, anything, the only, the first, the last sözlerinden soň köplenç which ýa-da who ulanylmaýar — olaryň ýerine adatça that ulanylýar.
    All that we need now is a little patience.
    Indi bize zerur bolan zat diňe azajyk sabyrlylykdyr.
    Everything that he said was true.
    Onuň aýdanynyň hemmesi çyndy.
    Nothing that you do can change the situation.
    Edýän zadyň hiç biri ýagdaýy üýtgedip bilmez.
    Something that you told me yesterday made me think.
    Düýn maňa aýdan zadyň meniň pikir etmegime sebäp boldy.
    Anything that helps you learn is worth trying.
    Saňa öwrenmäge kömek edýän islendik zat synap görmäge mynasypdyr.
    She is the only person that understands me.
    Ol meni düşünýän ýeke-täk adam.
    This is the first book that really inspired me.
    Bu maňa hakyky ylham beren ilkinji kitap.
    That was the last message that he sent me.
    Ol maňa iberen soňky habarydy.

Defining Relative Clauses examples

The student who sits next to me is from Brazil.
Meniň ýanymda oturan talyp Braziliýadan.
The car that I bought last year is already having problems.
Geçen ýyl satyn alan maşynym eýýäm mesele döredip başlady.
The restaurant where we usually have lunch is closed today.
Biz adatça günortanlyk iýýän restoranymmyz şu gün ýapyk.
The woman whose laptop was stolen called the security guard.
Noutbuky ogurlanan aýal howpsuzlyk diwarçysyna jaň etdi.
The book that you recommended helped me understand the topic.
Maslahat beren kitabyňyz bu meseläni düşünmegime kömek etdi.

Non-defining Relative Clauses

anyk bolmadyk degişli sözlemler goşmaça, wajyp bolmadyk maglumat berýär, ony aýyranyňda esasy many üýtgemeýär.
  • elmydöri elmydöri verguller bilen aýrylýarlar
    My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting me next month.
    Pariždäki ýaşaýan gyz doganym indiki aý maňa myhmançylyga gelýär.
  • biz who / which / whose / whom ulanýarys; that ulanyp bolmaýar
    This book, which was published in 1990, is now very rare.
    1990-njy ýylda neşir edilen bu kitap häzir örän seýrek duşýar.
  • anyk bolmadyk baglanyşyk sözlemlerinde baglanyşyk atyny goýberip bolmaýar
    The museum, where we spent the whole day, is being renovated.
    Biziň tutuş güni geçirən muzeýimiz häzirki wagtda abatlanýar.
  • Which öňki sözlemiň hemmesine degişli bolup, ýagdaý barada şärh berip biler
    She didn’t come to the meeting, which surprised everyone.
    Ol ýygnaga gelmedi, bu bolsa hemmeleri geň galdyrdy.

Defining Relative Clauses examples

My brother, who works as a lawyer, lives in London.
Aýal doganym, aklawçy bolup işleýän, Londonda ýaşaýar.
This laptop, which I bought on sale, has a very good battery life.
Arzanladyşda satyn alan şu noutbugymyň batareýanyň ömri örän gowy.
Our teacher, who is very strict, rarely cancels classes.
Juda berk mugallymymyz sapaklaryny seýrek ýatyrýar.
The museum, which was founded in 1920, attracts thousands of visitors every year.
1920-nji ýylda esaslandyrylan muzeý her ýyl müňlerçe myhmanlary özüne çekýär.
Paris, where I spent my childhood, will always feel like home to me.
Çaga wagtymy geçiren Pariž, meniň üçin hemişe öý ýaly duýlar.

Programmada elýeterli iňlis grammatikasy boýunça maşklar

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech