Relative Clauses 使用
关系从句是复合句的一部分，用于提供有关人物或事物的重要信息。
The person who called you is my brother.
给你打电话的人是我哥哥。
给你打电话的人是我哥哥。
This is the restaurant where we first met.
这就是我们第一次见面的那家餐厅。
这就是我们第一次见面的那家餐厅。
关系从句主要有两种类型：
- 限定性关系从句提供关键信息
- 非限定性关系从句提供补充的、非关键信息
Defining Relative Clauses
限定性关系从句提供关键信息，因此不能从句子中去掉。- 不以逗号分隔
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关系代词可以替换为 that
The teacher who helped me was very kind. The teacher that helped me was very kind.The laptop which I bought yesterday is expensive. The laptop that I bought yesterday is expensive.
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在某些情况下，当关系代词 who / which / that 在从句中作宾语时，可以被省略
The movie that we watched yesterday was amazing. The movie we watched yesterday was amazing.The person who I met at the conference was very friendly. The person I met at the conference was very friendly.The book which she recommended helped me a lot. The book she recommended helped me a lot.
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在 all、everything、nothing、something、anything、the only、the first、the last 这些词之后，我们通常不使用 which 或 who，一般会用 that 来代替。
All that we need now is a little patience.
我们现在所需要的只是多一点耐心。Everything that he said was true.
他所说的一切都是真实的。Nothing that you do can change the situation.
无论你做什么，都无法改变这种局面。Something that you told me yesterday made me think.
你昨天跟我说的某件事情让我开始思考。Anything that helps you learn is worth trying.
任何能帮助你学习的事情都值得一试。She is the only person that understands me.
她是唯一理解我的人。This is the first book that really inspired me.
这是第一本真正启发我的书。That was the last message that he sent me.
那是他发给我的最后一条信息。
Defining Relative Clauses examples
The student who sits next to me is from Brazil.
坐在我旁边的学生来自巴西。
坐在我旁边的学生来自巴西。
The car that I bought last year is already having problems.
我去年买的那辆车已经出问题了。
我去年买的那辆车已经出问题了。
The restaurant where we usually have lunch is closed today.
我们平常吃午饭的那家餐馆今天关门了。
我们平常吃午饭的那家餐馆今天关门了。
The woman whose laptop was stolen called the security guard.
那个笔记本电脑被偷的女人给保安打了电话。
那个笔记本电脑被偷的女人给保安打了电话。
The book that you recommended helped me understand the topic.
你推荐的那本书帮我理解了这个主题。
你推荐的那本书帮我理解了这个主题。
Non-defining Relative Clauses
非限定性定语从句提供的是附加的、非必要的信息，删去它们也不会改变句子的主要含义。-
总是用逗号分隔
My sister, who lives in Paris, is visiting me next month.
我姐姐住在巴黎，下个月要来探望我。 -
我们使用 who / which / whose / whom；不能使用 that
This book, which was published in 1990, is now very rare.
这本书出版于1990年，现在非常罕见。 -
在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不能被省略
The museum, where we spent the whole day, is being renovated.
我们待了一整天的那座博物馆正在翻修。 -
Which 可以指代整个前一句，从而对情境作出评论
She didn’t come to the meeting, which surprised everyone.
她没有来参加会议，这让所有人都感到惊讶。
Defining Relative Clauses examples
My brother, who works as a lawyer, lives in London.
我哥哥在伦敦生活，他是一名律师。
我哥哥在伦敦生活，他是一名律师。
This laptop, which I bought on sale, has a very good battery life.
这台我打折买的笔记本电脑，电池续航时间非常好。
这台我打折买的笔记本电脑，电池续航时间非常好。
Our teacher, who is very strict, rarely cancels classes.
我们那位非常严格的老师很少会取消上课。
我们那位非常严格的老师很少会取消上课。
The museum, which was founded in 1920, attracts thousands of visitors every year.
这座博物馆建于1920年，每年都吸引成千上万的游客。
这座博物馆建于1920年，每年都吸引成千上万的游客。
Paris, where I spent my childhood, will always feel like home to me.
巴黎是我度过童年的地方，对我来说永远像家一样。
巴黎是我度过童年的地方，对我来说永远像家一样。