Demonstrative Pronouns 使用
指示代词是指 this、that、these 和 those 这些词。它们帮助我们指代人、事物、一组事物或想法：近或远，单数或复数。
Do you like this picture?
你喜欢这张图片吗？
你喜欢这张图片吗？
These flowers are for you.
这些花是给你的。
这些花是给你的。
Do you like that picture?
你喜欢那张照片吗？
你喜欢那张照片吗？
Who are those people?
那些人是谁？
那些人是谁？
This is a nice hotel, but it is very expensive.
这是一家不错的酒店，但价格非常昂贵。
这是一家不错的酒店，但价格非常昂贵。
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
你更喜欢哪双鞋——这双还是那双？
你更喜欢哪双鞋——这双还是那双？
Demonstrative Pronouns 形式
其形式取决于两点：单数或复数以及近或远。这些词可以放在名词前，也可以单独使用，后面不跟名词。
| 表单 | 编号 | 距离 / 含义 | 示例 |
| this | 单数 | 近，这里，现在 | This bag is mine. |
| these | 复数 | 近，这里 | These books are new. |
| that | 单数 | 远处，那里，已经说过 / 发生了 | That picture is beautiful. |
| those | 复数 | 远，那里 | Those people are my neighbours. |
near + singular: this
near + plural: these
far + singular: that
far + plural: those
有名词和没有名词
| 类型 | 表单 | 示例 |
| 在名词前 | this / that / these / those + noun | Do you like this picture? Those apples look nice. |
| 没有名词 | this / that / these / those alone | This is my bag. Which shoes do you prefer — these or those? |
This hotel is expensive, but it is very nice.
这家酒店很贵，但它非常好。
这家酒店很贵，但它非常好。
This is a nice hotel, but it is very expensive.
这是一家不错的酒店，但价格非常昂贵。
这是一家不错的酒店，但价格非常昂贵。
Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
你喜欢这双鞋吗？我上周买的。
你喜欢这双鞋吗？我上周买的。
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
你更喜欢哪双鞋——这双还是那双？
你更喜欢哪双鞋——这双还是那双？
Demonstrative Pronouns 规则
-
对于靠近说话者的事物，使用 this 和 these：可以是实际距离近、在图片中、拿在手中，或处于当前情境中。
This phone is new.
这部手机是新的。These flowers are for you.
这些花是给你的。Look at this photo.
看看这张照片。 -
对于离说话者较远的事物，使用 that 和 those：包括物理距离较远、“那边”的、离听话者较近的，或是不再处于当前时刻的事物。
Do you like that picture?
你喜欢那张照片吗？Who are those people?
那些人是谁？That shop across the street is closed.
街对面的那家商店关门了。 -
这个和那个用于单数名词。它们也可以用于不可数名词。
this / that + singular noun
this / that + uncountable nounThis exercise is easy.
这个练习很简单。That water tastes strange.
那水喝起来味道怪怪的。This music makes me happy.
这音乐让我开心。 -
These 和 those 只与复数名词连用。
these / those + plural noun
These shoes are comfortable.
这双鞋很舒服。Those apples look nice. Can I have one?
那些苹果看起来不错。我可以拿一个吗？ -
当 this / that / these / those 不与名词连用时，它们用来代替在语境中明确的事物、人或想法。
Come and look at this.
过来看看这个。Can I have one of these?
我可以要一个这个吗？I do not like those. They are too expensive.
我不喜欢那些。它们太贵了。 -
That 通常指刚刚发生的事情，或某人刚刚说过的话。
A: I am sorry I forgot to phone you.B: That's all right.That was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
那顿饭真是太好了。非常感谢你。A: Martin has got a new job.B: Has he? I did not know that. -
在电话中，我们常用 This is... 来说明是谁在讲话，用 Is that...? 来询问电话那头是谁。
Hi Sarah, this is David.
嗨，Sarah，我是 David。Is that Sarah?
那是莎拉吗？ -
介绍别人时，介绍一个人用 This is...，介绍几个人用 These are...。
Brian, this is Chris.
布莱恩，这是克里斯。These are my parents.
这是我的父母。 -
在时间表达中，this 常常表示当前或最近的时间段：this morning、this week、this year。That 可以指过去，或指已经提到过的一段时间。
I am very busy this week.
我这周很忙。We met in Paris in 2019. That year was unforgettable.
我们于2019年在巴黎相遇。那一年令人难忘。
Demonstrative Pronouns 问题
在疑问句中，将 this / that / these / those 与动词 be 搭配：单数用 is，复数用 are。
Is + this / that + singular noun?
Are + these / those + plural noun?
What / Who + is + this / that?
What / Who + are + these / those?
Is this your bag?
这是你的包吗？
这是你的包吗？
Are these your keys?
这些是你的钥匙吗？
这些是你的钥匙吗？
Is that your brother over there?
那边那个是你哥哥吗？
那边那个是你哥哥吗？
Are those your books?
那些是你的书吗？
那些是你的书吗？
What is this?
这是什么？
这是什么？
Who is that?
那是谁？
那是谁？
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
你更喜欢哪双鞋——这双还是那双？
你更喜欢哪双鞋——这双还是那双？
Do you like this picture?
你喜欢这张图片吗？
你喜欢这张图片吗？
Demonstrative Pronouns 常见错误
常见错误通常与数有关：this / that 不能与复数名词连用，而 these / those 需要动词 are。
❌ This are my books.
✅ These are my books.
❌ This is new shoes.
✅ These are new shoes.
❌ Those is their bags.
✅ Those are their bags.
❌ That people are very friendly.
✅ Those people are very friendly.
❌ I like this apples.
✅ I like these apples.
❌ These is my friend.
✅ This is my friend.
❌ What are this?
✅ What is this?
❌ Are that your keys?
✅ Are those your keys?
❌ This are my parents.
✅ These are my parents.
❌ I like those car.
✅ I like that car.
✅ I like those cars.
Demonstrative Pronouns 句子
This is my notebook.
这是我的笔记本。
这是我的笔记本。
This picture is very old.
这张图片非常旧。
这张图片非常旧。
This water is cold.
这水很冷。
这水很冷。
These are my favourite shoes.
这是我最喜欢的鞋。
这是我最喜欢的鞋。
These flowers are for my teacher.
这些花是送给我老师的。
这些花是送给我老师的。
That is my school over there.
那边那所是我的学校。
那边那所是我的学校。
That picture on the wall is beautiful.
墙上的那幅画很漂亮。
墙上的那幅画很漂亮。
Those people are waiting for the bus.
那些人正在等公交车。
那些人正在等公交车。
Those apples look delicious.
那些苹果看起来很好吃。
那些苹果看起来很好吃。
I bought these shoes last week.
我上周买了这双鞋。
我上周买了这双鞋。
Can you pass me that book, please?
请把那本书递给我，好吗？
请把那本书递给我，好吗？
I am sorry about that.
对此我很抱歉。
对此我很抱歉。
That was a really nice meal.
那顿饭真是太美味了。
那顿饭真是太美味了。
Hi, this is Anna speaking.
你好，我是安娜。
你好，我是安娜。
These are my classmates.
这些是我的同学。
这些是我的同学。
Demonstrative Pronouns 例子
A: Do you like this picture?
B: Yes, I do. This is my favourite picture in the room.
A: Are these your books?
B: Yes, they are. These books are for my English class.
A: Who is that?
B: That is my neighbour.
A: Who are those people?
B: Those are my cousins from Canada.
A: Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
B: I prefer these. They are more comfortable.
A: I am going on holiday next week.
B: Oh, that's nice!
A: Hi Sarah, this is David.
B: Hi David. Nice to hear from you.
A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris — nice to meet you.
This week I am busy, but next week I will have more free time.
这周我很忙，但下周我会有更多空闲时间。
这周我很忙，但下周我会有更多空闲时间。
We watched a film yesterday. That film was very funny.
我们昨天看了一部电影。那部电影非常有趣。
我们昨天看了一部电影。那部电影非常有趣。
