Pronouns 使用
本课中的代词是较高级的代词和结构：泛指代词 you / we / one / they，引导词 it，结构 there + be，反身代词 myself / yourself...，以及相互代词 each other / one another。
They say it's unusual for a woman to be a soldier.
他们说女人当兵很不寻常。
他们说女人当兵很不寻常。
We must always ask ourselves, what is worth fighting for?
我们必须时常问自己，什么才值得为之奋斗？
我们必须时常问自己，什么才值得为之奋斗？
I blame myself for what happened.
我为所发生的事责怪自己。
我为所发生的事责怪自己。
It's been a long time since we have talked to each other.
我们彼此已经很久没有交谈了。
我们彼此已经很久没有交谈了。
There may be more worthy causes than you think.
也许比你想象的更值得支持的事业还有很多。
也许比你想象的更值得支持的事业还有很多。
Pronouns 形式
1. 泛指代词
泛指代词指的是人们整体，而不是某一个特定的人。它们帮助我们作出一般性的陈述。
| 表单 | 风格 / 含义 | 示例 |
| you | 表示“任何人”最常见的方式 | When you get a pet, you accept responsibilities. |
| we | 说话者将自己以及听众／社会都包括在内 | As members of society, we should help each other. |
| one / one's | 正式，常用于书面语 | In a foreign country, one may feel lost. |
| they | 一般人、当局/组织，或性别未知或不重要的人 | They say it's dangerous to go out after dark. |
2. it 和 there
| 结构 | 何时使用 | 示例 |
| it | 时间、天气、温度、距离 | It's 5 o'clock. It's raining. It's 20 °C outside. |
| it + adjective + to V | 评估前的介绍性主题 | It was very nice to talk to you again. |
| there + be | 表示某物存在或出现在某处 | There is an airport outside of town. |
3. 反身代词
| 主题 | 反身代词 | 示例 |
| I | myself | I cut myself. |
| you singular | yourself | You should be proud of yourself. |
| he | himself | He went there by himself. |
| she | herself | She made dinner herself. |
| it | itself | The door opened by itself. |
| we | ourselves | We painted the house ourselves. |
| you plural | yourselves | Help yourselves to tea. |
| they | themselves | They introduced themselves. |
4. 相互代词
| 表单 | 含义 | 示例 |
| each other | A 对 B 做了某事，而 B 也对 A 做了某事 | They understand each other. |
| one another | 几乎一样，稍微正式一点 | We don't see one another very often. |
| each other's / one another's | 相互占有 | They know each other's secrets. |
Pronouns 规则
-
在日常言语中谈论任何人时，使用 you。它并不总是指特定的听者。
You have to be careful when you work with heavy machinery.
操作重型机械时，你必须小心。 -
One 听起来更正式。如果需要所有格形式，请使用 one's。
One must never forget about safety.
人们绝不能忘记安全。It is often hard to understand what occupies one's thoughts.
人们常常很难理解自己脑海里在想些什么。 -
They 可以表示“人们说”、当局/某个组织，或在性别未知或不重要时指代一个人。
They say it's dangerous to go out after dark.
他们说天黑后出门很危险。I don't know who took my pen, but they had better give it back.
我不知道是谁拿了我的钢笔，但他们最好把它还回来。 -
用 it 来表示时间、天气、温度和距离。在这里，it 并不指代某一个特定的事物。
It's 100 metres to the station.
到车站有100米。It's raining.
下雨了。 -
当你想表达某物存在、出现或位于某处时，请使用 there + be。不要用 it is 替换这一结构。
There is some chicken in the fridge.
冰箱里有一些鸡肉。There are two messages on your phone.
你的手机上有两条信息。 -
当主语和宾语是同一个人或同一事物时，使用反身代词。
subject + verb + myself / yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves / yourselves / themselves
I cut myself dicing tomatoes.
我在切番茄丁时割伤了自己。Why are you talking to yourself?
你为什么在自言自语？ -
反身代词也可以强调某人是独自完成某个动作的，或是在没有帮助的情况下完成的。
We painted the house ourselves.
我们自己粉刷了房子。She cooked the whole dinner herself.
她自己做了整顿晚餐。 -
在大多数介词后，如果反身代词指回主语，就可以使用反身代词。但在地点介词后，以及在表示“和……一起”的 with 后，我们通常使用宾格代词。
✅ You should be proud of yourself.✅ I put my bag in front of me.✅ I'm taking my dog with me to France.
-
有些动词在其他语言中可以是反身动词，但在英语中通常不需要反身代词：洗、刮胡子、穿衣、放松、赶快、打开。
My dad always shaves in the morning before he dresses.
我爸爸总是在穿衣服之前，早上先刮胡子。Hurry up! We are late.
快点！我们迟到了。 -
对于 enjoy，如果在 enjoy 后面没有其他宾语，你可以使用反身代词。
✅ Did you enjoy the party?✅ Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
-
by + 反身代词 和 on + 物主限定词 + own 的意思是“独自 / 独立地 / 在没有帮助的情况下”。
I'm home all by myself.
家里就我一个人。Can you do this on your own?
你能自己做这件事吗？ -
Each other 和 one another 用于表示相互进行的动作：A 对 B 做某事，而 B 也对 A 做同样的事。
Working in a team, it is important to understand each other.
在团队中工作时，理解彼此很重要。John and Sally always enjoy one another's company.
约翰和萨莉总是喜欢彼此陪伴。
Pronouns 问题
问题取决于结构：表示存在时，用 Is there...? / Are there...?；使用反身代词时，采用正常的疑问句语序；而在关于相互动作的疑问句中，each other 很常用。
Is / Are there + noun + ...?
Did / Do / Does + subject + verb + reflexive pronoun?
Do / Did + plural subject + verb + each other?
A: Is there an airport outside of town?
B: Yes, there is.
A: Are there any seats in the room?
B: No, there aren't.
A: Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
B: Yes, I had a great time.
A: Do you live by yourself?
B: No, I live with my sister.
A: Do they know each other?
B: Yes, they work together.
Pronouns 常见错误
主要错误是用 it is 代替 there is，在普通状态动词后面添加不必要的 myself，在地点介词后用反身代词替代宾格代词，以及混淆 themselves 和 each other。
❌ I feel myself unwell.
✅ I feel unwell.
❌ Are you hungry? It is some chicken in the fridge.
✅ Are you hungry? There is some chicken in the fridge.
❌ I put my bag in front of myself.
✅ I put my bag in front of me.
❌ I'm taking my dog with myself.
✅ I'm taking my dog with me.
❌ My dad always shaves himself before he dresses himself.
✅ My dad always shaves before he dresses.
❌ We looked at each other in the mirror. if each person looked at their own reflection
✅ We looked at ourselves in the mirror.
❌ We bought ourselves small gifts. if each person bought a gift for another person
✅ We bought each other small gifts.
❌ One must never forget about his safety.
✅ One must never forget about one's safety.
Pronouns 句子
When you get a pet, you accept a set of responsibilities.
当你养宠物时，你就承担了一系列责任。
当你养宠物时，你就承担了一系列责任。
As human beings, we are responsible for our future.
作为人类，我们对自己的未来负有责任。
作为人类，我们对自己的未来负有责任。
One should be polite in a formal meeting.
在正式会议中应当有礼貌。
在正式会议中应当有礼貌。
They say this road is dangerous after dark.
他们说这条路天黑后很危险。
他们说这条路天黑后很危险。
It's five o'clock.
现在五点了。
现在五点了。
It's raining, and it's cold outside.
外面在下雨，而且很冷。
外面在下雨，而且很冷。
It was very nice to talk to you again.
很高兴又和你交谈。
很高兴又和你交谈。
There is an airport outside of town.
城外有一个机场。
城外有一个机场。
There are three books on the desk.
桌子上有三本书。
桌子上有三本书。
I cut myself while I was cooking.
我做饭的时候割伤了自己。
我做饭的时候割伤了自己。
You should be proud of yourself.
你应该为自己感到骄傲。
你应该为自己感到骄傲。
We painted the house ourselves.
我们自己粉刷了房子。
我们自己粉刷了房子。
I'm sorry, can you do this on your own?
对不起，你能自己做这件事吗？
对不起，你能自己做这件事吗？
Working in a team, it is important to understand each other.
在团队中工作时，理解彼此很重要。
在团队中工作时，理解彼此很重要。
John and Sally always enjoy one another's company.
约翰和萨莉总是喜欢彼此陪伴。
约翰和萨莉总是喜欢彼此陪伴。
Pronouns 例子
A: Why do people wear helmets here?
B: When you work with heavy machinery, you have to think about safety.
A: Is it far to the station?
B: No, it's about 100 metres from here.
A: Are you hungry?
B: Yes. Is there anything to eat?
A: There is some chicken in the fridge.
A: Did you hire painters?
B: No, we painted the house ourselves.
A: Do Jack and Mia know each other?
B: Yes, they are friends. They help each other after school.
My family left for the holidays, so I stayed home all by myself and cooked dinner on my own.
我的家人去度假了，所以我一个人待在家里，自己做了晚饭。
我的家人去度假了，所以我一个人待在家里，自己做了晚饭。
They say the exam is difficult, but if we help each other, we can prepare well.
他们说考试很难，但如果我们互相帮助，我们就能做好充分准备。
他们说考试很难，但如果我们互相帮助，我们就能做好充分准备。
