Pronouns isticmaalno
Magac-u-yaallada casharkan ku jira waa magac-u-yaallo iyo qaabab ka horumarsan: magac-u-yaallo guud you / we / one / they, it hordhac ah, qaabka there + be, magac-u-yaallo is-celin ah myself / yourself..., iyo magac-u-yaallo is-dhaafsi ah each other / one another.
Waxay yiraahdaan waa wax aan caadi ahayn in haweeney ay noqoto askari.
Waa in aan mar walba isweydiinno nafteena, maxaa mudan in loo dagaallamo?
Waxa dhacay aniga ayaan isu eedeeyaa.
Waqti dheer ayaa ka soo wareegay tan iyo markii aan isla hadalnay.
Waxaa jiri kara sababo ka mudan inta aad u malaynayso.
Pronouns Foom
1. Magac-u-yaallada guud
Magac-u-yaallada guud waxay tixraacaan dadka guud ahaan, ee ma aha hal qof oo gaar ah. Waxay naga caawiyaan inaan samaynno hadallo guud.
| Foomka | Qaab / macne | Tusaale |
| you | sida ugu badan ee loo muujiyo “qof kasta” | When you get a pet, you accept responsibilities. |
| we | afhayeenku waxa uu ku darayaa naftiisa iyo dhegeystayaasha / bulshada | As members of society, we should help each other. |
| one / one's | rasmi ah, badanaa waxaa loo adeegsadaa qoraalka | In a foreign country, one may feel lost. |
| they | dadka guud ahaan, masuuliyiinta/ururrada, ama qof aan la garanayn jinsigiisa ama aan muhiim ahayn | They say it's dangerous to go out after dark. |
2. Iyada iyo halkaas
| Qaab-dhismeed | Goorta la isticmaalo | Tusaale |
| it | waqti, cimilo, heerkul, masaafad | It's 5 o'clock. It's raining. It's 20 °C outside. |
| it + adjective + to V | mawduuc hordhac ah ka hor qiimeyn | It was very nice to talk to you again. |
| there + be | in la yiraahdo wax baa jira ama meel ka muuqda | There is an airport outside of town. |
3. Magac-u-yaallada isceliska
| Mawduuc | Magac-u-yaal is-celin ah | Tusaale |
| I | myself | I cut myself. |
| you singular | yourself | You should be proud of yourself. |
| he | himself | He went there by himself. |
| she | herself | She made dinner herself. |
| it | itself | The door opened by itself. |
| we | ourselves | We painted the house ourselves. |
| you plural | yourselves | Help yourselves to tea. |
| they | themselves | They introduced themselves. |
4. Magac-u-yaallo is-dhaafsiyeedyo
| Foomka | Macne | Tusaale |
| each other | A wax buu ku sameeyaa B, B-na wax bay ku samaysaa A | They understand each other. |
| one another | ku dhowaad isku mid, wax yar ka rasmi badan | We don't see one another very often. |
| each other's / one another's | lahaansho is-dhaafsi ah | They know each other's secrets. |
Pronouns Xeer
-
Isticmaal you marka aad ka hadlayso qof kasta hadalka maalinlaha ah. Mar walba macnaheedu ma aha dhegeystaha gaarka ah.
You have to be careful when you work with heavy machinery.
Waa inaad taxaddar sameysaa marka aad ku shaqaynayso mashiinno culus. -
One wuxuu u dhawaaqaa mid ka rasmi ah. Haddii loo baahdo qaab lahaansho, isticmaal one's.
One must never forget about safety.
Qofku waa inuusan waligiis illoobin badbaadada.It is often hard to understand what occupies one's thoughts.
Badanaa way adag tahay in la fahmo waxa maskaxda qofka ku mashquulsan. -
Iyaga waxay ka dhigan karaan “dadku waxay yiraahdaan”, maamulka/urur, ama hal qof marka jinsigiisa aan la garanayn ama aanu muhiim ahayn.
They say it's dangerous to go out after dark.
Waxay yiraahdaan inay khatar tahay in dibadda loo baxo marka mugdigu dhaco.I don't know who took my pen, but they had better give it back.
Ma aqaan cidda qaadatay qalinkayga, laakiin waa inay si fiican iigu soo celiyaan. -
Isticmaal it marka laga hadlayo waqtiga, cimilada, heerkulka, iyo masaafada. Halkan, it uma jeedo hal shay oo gaar ah.
It's 100 metres to the station.
Waa 100 mitir ilaa saldhigga.It's raining.
Roob baa da'aya. -
Isticmaal there + be marka aad rabto inaad sheegto in wax ay jiraan, ay joogaan, ama ay meel ku yaalliin. Ha ku beddelin qaab-dhismeedkan it is.
There is some chicken in the fridge.
Waxaa ku jira xoogaa digaag ah qaboojiyaha.There are two messages on your phone.
Waxaa taleefankaaga ku jira laba farriimood. -
Isticmaal magac-u-yaallada is-celinaya marka fal-sameeyaha iyo waxyaabaha falka ku dhacaya ay yihiin isla qofka ama isla shayga.
subject + verb + myself / yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves / yourselves / themselves
I cut myself dicing tomatoes.
Waxaan iska jaray anigoo yaanyo jarjaraya.Why are you talking to yourself?
Maxaad naftaada ula hadlayaa? -
Magac-u-yaalka is-celinta ah waxa kale oo uu adkayn karaa in qof uu falka kaligiis sameeyey ama caawimaad la’aan.
We painted the house ourselves.
Annaga lafteennu ayaanu rinjiyeennay guriga.She cooked the whole dinner herself.
Iyadu kaligeed bay cashadii oo dhan karisay. -
Ka dib inta badan xarafyada meelaynta, waxaad isticmaali kartaa magac-u-yaal iscelin ah haddii uu dib ugu noqdo mawduuca. Laakiin ka dib xarafyada meelaynta ee goobta iyo ka dib with oo macnihiisu yahay “la socda”, badanaa waxaan isticmaalnaa magac-u-yaal shay.
✅ You should be proud of yourself.✅ I put my bag in front of me.✅ I'm taking my dog with me to France.
-
Falalka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan falal is-celin ah luqado kale, laakiin caadi ahaan uma baahna magac-u-yaal is-celin ah af-Ingiriisiga: dhaqid, xiirid, labbisid, nasasho, degdegid, furid.
My dad always shaves in the morning before he dresses.
Aabbahay mar walba subaxdii ayuu xiirtaa ka hor intuusan labisan.Hurry up! We are late.
Dadaal! Waan soo daahnay. -
Iyadoo la adeegsanayo enjoy, waxaad isticmaali kartaa magac-u-yaal is-celin ah haddii aanu jirin shay kale oo ka dambeeya enjoy.
✅ Did you enjoy the party?✅ Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
-
By + magac-u-yaal is-celin iyo on + go’aamiye lahaansho + own waxay ka dhigan yihiin “keligiis / si madax-bannaan / caawimaad la’aan”.
I'm home all by myself.
Waxaan guriga joogaa anigoo kaligay ah.Can you do this on your own?
Ma samayn kartaa tan adiga keligaa? -
Each other iyo one another waxaa la adeegsadaa marka fal uu yahay is-dhaafsi: A wax buu ku sameeyaa B, B-na sidaas oo kale ayuu ugu sameeyaa A.
Working in a team, it is important to understand each other.
Ka shaqaynta koox ahaan, waa muhiim in la is fahmo.John and Sally always enjoy one another's company.
John iyo Sally mar walba way ku raaxaystaan wehelnimada midba midka kale.
Pronouns Su'aalo
Su’aaluhu waxay ku xiran yihiin qaab-dhismeedka: jiritaanka, isticmaal Is there...? / Are there...?; magac-u-yaallada is-celiska ah, isticmaal kala-horraynta caadiga ah ee su’aasha; iyo each other waxay caadi ku tahay su’aalaha ku saabsan falalka is-dhexgalka ah.
Is / Are there + noun + ...?
Did / Do / Does + subject + verb + reflexive pronoun?
Do / Did + plural subject + verb + each other?
Pronouns Khaladaad caadi ah
Khaladaadka ugu waaweyn waa isticmaalka it is halkii laga isticmaali lahaa there is, ku darista myself oo aan loo baahnayn ka dib falalka caadiga ah ee xaaladda, ku beddelidda magac-u-yaallada wax-ku-dhaca magac-u-yaallo is-muujin ah ka dib xaraf-jiidyaasha goobta, iyo isku khaldidda themselves iyo each other.
Pronouns Weedho
Marka aad hesho xayawaan rabaayad ah, waxaad aqbashaa masuuliyado gaar ah.
Annaga oo ah bani’aadam, waxaan mas’uul ka nahay mustaqbalkeenna.
Qofku waa inuu ahaadaa edeb leh kulan rasmi ah.
Waxay yiraahdaan waddadan waa khatar marka mugdigu dhaco.
Waa shanta saac.
Roob baa da’aya, bannaankana waa qabow.
Aad bay u fiicnayd inaan mar kale kula hadlo.
Waxaa jira garoon diyaaradeed oo ka baxsan magaalada.
Waxaa miiska saaran saddex buug.
Waxaan isgooyay anigoo karinaya.
Waa inaad naftaada ku faantaa.
Annaga lafteennu ayaanu rinjiyeennay guriga.
Waan ka xumahay, ma tan kaligaa samayn kartaa?
Ka shaqaynta koox ahaan, waa muhiim in la is fahmo.
John iyo Sally mar walba way ku raaxaystaan wehelnimada midba midka kale.
Pronouns Tusaalooyin
Qoyskeygu waxay aadeen fasaxa, sidaas darteed anigu kaligay ayaan guriga joogay oo cashada iskii u kariyay.
Waxay yiraahdaan imtixaanku waa adag yahay, laakiin haddii aan is caawino, si fiican ayaan isu diyaarin karnaa.