Demonstrative Pronouns: реченице, вежбе, тестови и примери

Demonstrative Pronouns koristimo

Показне заменице су речи this, that, these и those. Оне нам помажу да укажемо на особу, ствар, групу ствари или идеју: близу или далеко, у једнини или множини.

Do you like this picture?
Да ли вам се свиђа ова слика?
These flowers are for you.
Ovo cveće je za tebe.
Do you like that picture?
Da li ti se sviđa ta slika?
Who are those people?
Ko su ti ljudi?
This is a nice hotel, but it is very expensive.
Ovo je lep hotel, ali je veoma skup.
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
Koje cipele više voliš — ove ili one?

Demonstrative Pronouns Форма

Облик зависи од две ствари: једнине или множине и близине или удаљености. Ове речи могу стајати испред именице или стајати самостално, без именице.

Obrazac Број Udaljenost / značenje Primer
this jednina близу, овде, сада This bag is mine.
these množina близу, овде These books are new.
that jednina далеко, тамо, већ речено / догодило се That picture is beautiful.
those množina daleko, tamo Those people are my neighbours.

near + singular: this
near + plural: these
far + singular: that
far + plural: those

Са именицом и без именице

Tip Obrazac Primer
ispred imenice this / that / these / those + noun Do you like this picture?
Those apples look nice.
bez imenice this / that / these / those alone This is my bag.
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
This hotel is expensive, but it is very nice.
Ovaj hotel je skup, ali je veoma lep.
This is a nice hotel, but it is very expensive.
Ovo je lep hotel, ali je veoma skup.
Do you like these shoes? I bought them last week.
Da li ti se sviđaju ove cipele? Kupio sam ih prošle nedelje.
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
Koje cipele više voliš — ove ili one?

Demonstrative Pronouns Правило

  • Користите this и these за ствари које су близу говорника: физички близу, на слици, у вашим рукама или у тренутној ситуацији.
    This phone is new.
    Ovaj telefon je nov.
    These flowers are for you.
    Ovo cveće je za tebe.
    Look at this photo.
    Pogledaj ovu fotografiju.
  • Koristite that i those za stvari koje su dalje od govornika: fizički udaljene, „tamo”, bliže slušaocu ili više nisu u sadašnjem trenutku.
    Do you like that picture?
    Da li ti se sviđa ta slika?
    Who are those people?
    Ko su ti ljudi?
    That shop across the street is closed.
    Ta prodavnica preko puta je zatvorena.
  • Ovo i ono se koriste sa imenicama u jednini. Mogu se koristiti i sa nebrojivim imenicama.

    this / that + singular noun
    this / that + uncountable noun

    This exercise is easy.
    Ova vežba je laka.
    That water tastes strange.
    Ta voda ima čudan ukus.
    This music makes me happy.
    Ova muzika me čini srećnim.
  • Ovi i oni se koriste samo uz imenice u množini.

    these / those + plural noun

    These shoes are comfortable.
    Ове ципеле су удобне.
    Those apples look nice. Can I have one?
    Te jabuke izgledaju lepo. Mogu li da dobijem jednu?
  • Када се this / that / these / those користе без именице, замењују ствар, особу или идеју која је јасна из ситуације.
    Come and look at this.
    Дођи и погледај ово.
    Can I have one of these?
    Mogu li dobiti jednu od ovih?
    I do not like those. They are too expensive.
    Ne sviđaju mi se oni. Preskupi su.
  • To se često odnosi na nešto što se upravo desilo ili na ono što je neko upravo rekao.
    A: I am sorry I forgot to phone you.
    B: That's all right.
    That was a really nice meal. Thank you very much.
    To je bio zaista lep obrok. Hvala vam puno.
    A: Martin has got a new job.
    B: Has he? I did not know that.
  • Телефоном често користимо Овде је... да кажемо ко говори и Да ли је то...? да питамо ко је на вези.
    Hi Sarah, this is David.
    Zdravo Sarah, ovde David.
    Is that Sarah?
    Да ли је то Сара?
  • За представљање људи, користите Ово је... за једну особу и Ово су... за више особа.
    Brian, this is Chris.
    Brajan, ovo je Kris.
    These are my parents.
    Ovo su moji roditelji.
  • У временским изразима, this често значи текући или најближи период: this morning, this week, this year. That се може односити на прошлост или на временски период који је већ поменут.
    I am very busy this week.
    Veoma sam zauzet ove nedelje.
    We met in Paris in 2019. That year was unforgettable.
    Упознали смо се у Паризу 2019. Те године су биле незаборавне.

Demonstrative Pronouns Питања

У питањима, упари this / that / these / those са глаголом be: користи is за једнину и are за множину.

Is + this / that + singular noun?
Are + these / those + plural noun?
What / Who + is + this / that?
What / Who + are + these / those?

Is this your bag?
Da li je ovo tvoja torba?
Are these your keys?
Da li su ovo tvoji ključevi?
Is that your brother over there?
Да ли је оно тамо твој брат?
Are those your books?
Jesu li to tvoje knjige?
What is this?
Šta je ovo?
Who is that?
Ko je to?
Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
Koje cipele više voliš — ove ili one?
Do you like this picture?
Да ли вам се свиђа ова слика?

Demonstrative Pronouns Типичне грешке

Уобичајене грешке су обично повезане са бројем: this / that не могу да се користе са именицама у множини, а these / those захтевају глагол are.

❌ This are my books.
✅ These are my books.
❌ This is new shoes.
✅ These are new shoes.
❌ Those is their bags.
✅ Those are their bags.
❌ That people are very friendly.
✅ Those people are very friendly.
❌ I like this apples.
✅ I like these apples.
❌ These is my friend.
✅ This is my friend.
❌ What are this?
✅ What is this?
❌ Are that your keys?
✅ Are those your keys?
❌ This are my parents.
✅ These are my parents.
❌ I like those car.
✅ I like that car.
✅ I like those cars.

Demonstrative Pronouns Реченице

This is my notebook.
Ovo je moja sveska.
This picture is very old.
Ova slika je veoma stara.
This water is cold.
Ova voda je hladna.
These are my favourite shoes.
Ovo su moje omiljene cipele.
These flowers are for my teacher.
Ovo cveće je za mog učitelja.
That is my school over there.
To je moja škola tamo.
That picture on the wall is beautiful.
Ta slika na zidu je prelepa.
Those people are waiting for the bus.
Ti ljudi čekaju autobus.
Those apples look delicious.
Te jabuke izgledaju ukusno.
I bought these shoes last week.
Kupio sam ove cipele prošle nedelje.
Can you pass me that book, please?
Можеш ли да ми додаш ону књигу, молим те?
I am sorry about that.
Žao mi je zbog toga.
That was a really nice meal.
To je bio zaista lep obrok.
Hi, this is Anna speaking.
Zdravo, ovde Ana.
These are my classmates.
Ovo su moji drugovi iz razreda.

Demonstrative Pronouns Примери

A: Do you like this picture?
B: Yes, I do. This is my favourite picture in the room.
A: Are these your books?
B: Yes, they are. These books are for my English class.
A: Who is that?
B: That is my neighbour.
A: Who are those people?
B: Those are my cousins from Canada.
A: Which shoes do you prefer — these or those?
B: I prefer these. They are more comfortable.
A: I am going on holiday next week.
B: Oh, that's nice!
A: Hi Sarah, this is David.
B: Hi David. Nice to hear from you.
A: Brian, this is Chris.
B: Hello, Chris — nice to meet you.
This week I am busy, but next week I will have more free time.
Ове недеље сам заузет, али следеће недеље ћу имати више слободног времена.
We watched a film yesterday. That film was very funny.
Gledali smo juče jedan film. Taj film je bio veoma smešan.

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