Reported speech колдонообуз
Башкалардын сөзүн түз цитата болбошу үчүн формасын өзгөртүп, тексттин бир бөлүгү катары айтып берүүдө колдонобуз.
Түз сүйлөөдөн кыйыр сүйлөөгө өткөрөбүз.
Reported speech Форма
Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (керек болсо убакыт формасын өзгөртүү менен)
“I am tired”, she said.
She said that she was tired.
Reported speech Эреже
Англис тилинде кыйыр сүйлөө тырмакчага алынбайт, түз сүйлөөдөн айырмаланып:George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”
George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.
Reported speech Мезгилдин өзгөрүүлөрү
|
Түз сүйлөө
(Direct speech) |
Кыйыр сүйлөө
(Reported speech) |
|
Present Simple
I know |
Past Simple he said he knew |
| Present Continuous I am doing | Past Continuous he said he was doing |
| Present Perfect I have done | Past Perfect he said he had done |
| Past Simple I did | Past Perfect he said he had done |
| Past Continuous I was doing | Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing |
| Past Perfect I had done | Past Perfect I had done |
| Future (will) I will go | would he said he would go |
❗ Убакыт өзгөрбөгөндө
-
Жалпы чындык, фактылар, жаратылыштын мыйзамдары.
Эгер бир нерсе дайыма чын болсо — убакыт өзгөрбөйт:The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun. -
Аракет сүйлөө учурунда да маанилүү болгондо.
Эгер билдирүү азыр да чын болсо.I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (анткени ал дагы эле ошол жерде жашайт) -
Эгер баш ийген сүйлөм Past Continuous болсо, сүйлөөдө этиштин жолу өзгөрбөй калышы мүмкүн.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Ал айтты: «Мен футбол ойноп жаткам, ал мага телефон чалганда». He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Ал анын чалган маалында футбол ойноп жатканын айтты. -
Эгер билдирүү этиши азыркы чакта болсо
says, tells, has said колдонулганда чак өзгөрбөйт.I’m busy. She says she is busy
Reported speech Модалдык этиштер
-
Өзгөрүүчү модалдык этиштер:
Түз сүйлөө
(Direct speech)Кыйыр сүйлөө
(Reported speech)will would can could may might shall should must
(милдет)had to must
(буйрукту
же келишимди билдирет)was to He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6. -
ӨЗГӨРБӨГӨН модалдык этиштер
(өткөн чак формасы жок):
could, should, would, might, ought to“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.
Reported speech Жактооч сөздөр
Жактооч сөздөр сүйлөп жаткан адамга жана сөз кимге багытталганына жараша өзгөрөт.
“I like your car,” he said.
He said he liked my car.
Reported speech Убакыт жана жер
|
Түз сүйлөө
(Direct speech) |
Кыйыр сүйлөө
(Reported speech) |
| today | that day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| now | then |
| last week | |
| tonight | that night |
| two days ago | td>two days earlier|
| here | there |
| this | that |
| these | those |
“We have a meeting today,” he said.
He said they had a meeting that day.
I bought these shoes yesterday.
She said she had bought those shoes the day before.
I will come tomorrow.
He said he would come the next day.
I can’t talk now.
He said he couldn’t talk then.
I finished the course last week.
She said she had finished the course the previous week.
I’m going out tonight.
He said he was going out that night.
I moved here two days ago.
She said she had moved there two days earlier.
Come here.
She told him to come there.
This place is beautiful.
He said that place was beautiful.
I bought these shoes.
He said he had bought those shoes.
Reported speech Этиштер
-
Артынан that-clause келген этиштер
:
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…I’m tired. She said that she was tired. -
Артынан to-infinitive келген этиштер:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.
Reported speech Жокко чыгаруу
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Негизги этиштин алдында not кошуңуз / сактаңыз
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
-
Эгер модалдуу этиш not менен жокко чыгарылса, модалдуу этишти өзгөртүп, not кошобуз.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
-
Эгер not грамматикага эмес, мааниге тиешелүү болсо — калтырып коёбуз.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.
Reported speech Суроолор
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Түз эмес сүйлөөмдө жалпы (ооба/жок) суроолор
if же whether менен кошулат.
Суроодогу сөздөрдүн ирети кабарлоо сүйлөмүндөгү иретке өзгөрөт.
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Жөнөкөй Yes/No суроолордо, болгону «ооба же жок» билүү керек болгондо if колдонулат.
Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
-
Суроодо альтернатива же тандоо болгондо whether колдонулат.
Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
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Жөнөкөй Yes/No суроолордо, болгону «ооба же жок» билүү керек болгондо if колдонулат.
-
Суроочу сөз менен берилген суроолор (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + түз сөз тартиби (инверсиясыз)
“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her. -
Жалпы суроолор (Yes/No questions)
Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will ж.б. менен башталат.
Reporting verb + if/whether + түз сөз тартиби
“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.
Reported speech Буйрук түрү
Ырастоо сүйлөм: reporting verb + object + to + verb
Open the door.
He told me to open the door.
Тыйуу: reporting verb + object + not to + verb
Don’t be late.
She told me not to be late.
Reported speech Типтүү каталар
-
Суроолордо инверсияны сактоо
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going -
“said me” колдонуу
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом -
Убакыт формасын өзгөртпөңүз
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени. -
Жөндөөнү өзгөртпөңүз
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.
Reported speech Сөйлемдер
“I am learning French,” she said.
She said she was learning French.
“He has finished his project,” they said.
They said he had finished his project.
“I shall return soon,” he said.
He said he should return soon.
“You must call her today,” Mom said.
Mom said I had to call her that day.
“What time does the train leave?” I asked.
I asked what time the train left.
“Why are you crying?” he asked.
He asked why I was crying.
“Can she swim?” I asked.
I asked if she could swim.
“Is your brother at home?” she asked.
She asked whether my brother was at home.
Leave your shoes outside.
He told me to leave my shoes outside.
Don’t touch that button.
She told me not to touch that button.
Reported speech Мисалдар
“I was reading a book,” she said.
She said she had been reading a book.
“We have seen this movie,” they said.
They said they had seen that movie.
“He will help us tomorrow,” I said.
I said he would help us the next day.
“When did she arrive?” he asked.
He asked when she had arrived.
“Where are my keys?” she asked.
She asked where her keys were.
“Does he like pizza?” I asked.
I asked if he liked pizza.
“Will they join us?” she asked.
She asked if they would join us.
“You ought to apologize,” he said.
He said I ought to apologize.
Be quiet, please.
She told me to be quiet.
Don’t forget your umbrella.
He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.
