Reported Speech regel, exempel, övningar och tester

Reported speech använder

Vi använder det för att återge någon annans ord genom att ändra formen så att de blir en del av din text och inte ett direkt citat.
Vi omvandlar direkt tal till indirekt tal.

Reported speech Form

Subject + reporting V, that subject + V (med tidsförskjutning vid behov)

“I am tired”, she said. She said that she was tired.

Reported speech Regel

I engelskan skrivs indirekt tal inte inom citationstecken, till skillnad från direkt tal:

George said, “I am ready to dance with you.”

George said (that) he was ready to dance with me.

Reported speech Förändringar av tempus

Direkt tal (Direct speech)	Indirekt tal (Reported speech)
Present Simple I know	Past Simple he said he knew
Present Continuous I am doing	Past Continuous he said he was doing
Present Perfect I have done	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Simple I did	Past Perfect he said he had done
Past Continuous I was doing	Past Perfect Continuous he said he had been doing
Past Perfect I had done	Past Perfect I had done
Future (will) I will go	would he said he would go

❗ När tempus inte förändras

Allmänna sanningar, fakta, naturens lagar.
Om något alltid är sant — tempus förändras inte:
The Earth moves around the Sun. He said that the Earth moves around the Sun.
När handlingen fortfarande är relevant i talögonblicket.
Om påståendet fortfarande är sant nu.
I live in Paris. She said she lives in Paris. (eftersom hon fortfarande bor där)
Om bisatsen står i Past Continuous kan verbets tempus i talspråk ibland förbli oförändrat.
He said, “I was playing football when she called me.”.
Han sa: "Jag spelade fotboll när hon ringde mig.". He said that he was playing football when she called him.
Han sa att han spelade fotboll när hon ringde honom.
Om rapporteringsverbet står i presens
Vid says, tells, has said sker ingen tempusändring.
I’m busy. She says she is busy

Reported speech Modala verb

Modala verb som förändras:

Direkt tal (Direct speech)	Indirekt tal (Reported speech)
will	would
can	could
may	might
shall	should
must (skyldighet)	had to
must (uttrycker en order eller en överenskommelse)	was to

He said, “I will help you.” He said (that) he would help me.

She said, “I can finish it today.” She said (that) she could finish it that day.

John said, “I may go to the party.” John said (that) he might go to the party.

I asked, “Shall we begin?” I asked if we should begin.

My mother said, “You must do your homework.” My mother said (that) I had to do my homework.

The officer said, “You must be there by 6.” The officer said (that) I was to be there by 6.

Modala verb som INTE förändras
(har ingen dåtidsform):
could, should, would, might, ought to
“I could help you,” he said. He said he could help me.

“You should study more,” the teacher said. The teacher said I should study more.

“I would love to join you,” she said. She said she would love to join us.

“It might rain later,” John said. John said it might rain later.

“You ought to be more careful,” she said. She said I ought to be more careful.

Reported speech Pronomen

Pronomen ändras beroende på vem som talar och vem orden riktas till.

“I like your car,” he said. He said he liked my car.

Reported speech Tid och plats

the previous weektd>two days earlier

Direkt tal (Direct speech)	Indirekt tal (Reported speech)
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
now	then
last week
tonight	that night
two days ago
here	there
this	that
these	those

“We have a meeting today,” he said. He said they had a meeting that day.

I bought these shoes yesterday. She said she had bought those shoes the day before.

I will come tomorrow. He said he would come the next day.

I can’t talk now. He said he couldn’t talk then.

I finished the course last week. She said she had finished the course the previous week.

I’m going out tonight. He said he was going out that night.

I moved here two days ago. She said she had moved there two days earlier.

Come here. She told him to come there.

This place is beautiful. He said that place was beautiful.

I bought these shoes. He said he had bought those shoes.

Reported speech Verb

Verb som följs av en that-clause :
say, tell, add, explain, mention, reply, answer, admit, agree, deny, promise…
I’m tired. She said that she was tired.
Verb som följs av ett to-infinitive:
advise, ask, tell, order, persuade, remind, warn, invite, encourage…
Don’t be late. He told me to not be late.

Reported speech Negation

Lägg till / behåll not före huvudverbet
I don’t like it. She said she didn’t like it.
Om det modala verbet har en negation med not, ändrar vi det modala verbet och lägger till not.
I can’t help you. He said he couldn’t help me.
Om not syftar på betydelsen och inte grammatiken — låter vi det stå kvar.
Don’t worry. He told me not to worry.

Reported speech Frågor

I indirekt tal inleds allmänna ja/nej-frågor med if eller whether. Ordföljden ändras till den i en påståendesats.
- If används i vanliga Yes/No-frågor när man helt enkelt vill veta “ja eller nej”.
  Do you like it? He asked if I liked it.
- Whether används när frågan innehåller ett alternativ eller ett val.
  Do you want tea or coffee? He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee.
Frågor med frågeord (wh-questions)
Reporting verb + wh-word + direkt ordföljd (ingen inversion)

“Where do you live?” she asked. She asked where I lived.

“What is he doing?” I asked. I asked what he was doing.

“Why did you leave early?” he asked. He asked why I had left early.

“How can we solve this?” they asked. They asked how they could solve it.

“When will you call me?” she asked. She asked when I would call her.
Allmänna frågor (Yes/No questions) Börjar med Do / Does / Did / Are / Is / Can / Will osv.
Reporting verb + if/whether + direkt ordföljd

“Do you like coffee?” she asked. She asked if I liked coffee.

“Are they coming to the party?” he asked. He asked if they were coming to the party.

“Did you see the movie?” I asked. I asked if she had seen the movie.

“Will it rain tomorrow?” Tom asked. Tom asked if it would rain the next day.

“Can you help me?” she asked. She asked if I could help her.

“Is this your book?” he asked. He asked whether that was my book.

Reported speech Imperativ

Affirmativ mening: reporting verb + object + to + verb

Open the door. He told me to open the door.

Förbud: reporting verb + object + not to + verb

Don’t be late. She told me not to be late.

Reported speech Vanliga misstag

Behålla inversion i frågor
❌ He asked where was I going
✔️ He asked where I was going
Använda “said me”
❌ He said me that…
✔️ He told me that…
✔️ He said that…
say — без объекта, tell — с объектом
Ändra inte tempus
❌ He said he is happy.
✔️ He said he was happy. Если reporting verb в прошедшем — делаем сдвиг времени.
Ändra inte pronomen
❌ She said I am tired.
✔️ She said she was tired. Местоимения всегда подстраиваются под новый контекст.

Reported speech Meningar

“I am learning French,” she said. She said she was learning French.

“He has finished his project,” they said. They said he had finished his project.

“I shall return soon,” he said. He said he should return soon.

“You must call her today,” Mom said. Mom said I had to call her that day.

“What time does the train leave?” I asked. I asked what time the train left.

“Why are you crying?” he asked. He asked why I was crying.

“Can she swim?” I asked. I asked if she could swim.

“Is your brother at home?” she asked. She asked whether my brother was at home.

Leave your shoes outside. He told me to leave my shoes outside.

Don’t touch that button. She told me not to touch that button.

Reported speech Exempel

“I was reading a book,” she said. She said she had been reading a book.

“We have seen this movie,” they said. They said they had seen that movie.

“He will help us tomorrow,” I said. I said he would help us the next day.

“When did she arrive?” he asked. He asked when she had arrived.

“Where are my keys?” she asked. She asked where her keys were.

“Does he like pizza?” I asked. I asked if he liked pizza.

“Will they join us?” she asked. She asked if they would join us.

“You ought to apologize,” he said. He said I ought to apologize.

Be quiet, please. She told me to be quiet.

Don’t forget your umbrella. He reminded me not to forget my umbrella.

Reported Speech: meningar, övningar, tester och exempel