Comparatives: sentensi, mazoezi, mitihani na mifano

Comparatives tunatumia

Tunatumia viwango vya ulinganishi kulinganisha watu wawili, vitu viwili, mahali pawili, hali mbili, au matendo mawili. Huonyesha kwamba kitu kimoja kina kiwango zaidi, kidogo, au sawa cha sifa fulani: kirefu zaidi, cha kuvutia zaidi, cha bei nafuu zaidi, haraka kama.

Vilinganifu vinatumika si tu na vivumishi bali pia na vielezi. Vivumishi huelezea nomino, ilhali vielezi huelezea vitendo na jinsi jambo fulani linavyotokea.

My new laptop is lighter than my old one.
Kompyuta yangu mpya ya mkononi ni nyepesi kuliko ile yangu ya zamani.
This exercise is more difficult than the previous one.
Zoezi hili ni gumu zaidi kuliko lile la awali.
She speaks more clearly than her brother.
Anaongea kwa uwazi zaidi kuliko kaka yake.
Today is less windy than yesterday.
Leo kuna upepo mdogo kuliko jana.

Comparatives Fomu

Vilinganifu huundwa kwa njia tofauti kutegemea kivumishi au kielezi. Maneno mafupi kwa kawaida huongezewa -er, maneno marefu kwa kawaida hutanguliwa na more, na kiwango cha chini mara nyingi huonyeshwa kwa less. Baadhi ya maumbo si ya kawaida.

short adjective/adverb → word + -er + than
long adjective/adverb → more + word + than
lower degree → less + word + than
equal comparison → as + word + as

Aina Umbo la msingi Umbo la kulinganisha Mfano
Kivumishi kifupi tall taller taller than
Kuishia kwa -e nice nicer nicer than
Kivumishi kifupi chenye konsonanti mbili zinazofanana big bigger bigger than
Kuishia kwa konsonanti + y busy busier busier than
Kivumishi kirefu interesting more interesting more interesting than
Kielezi kinachoishia kwa -ly carefully more carefully more carefully than
Kielezi kifupi fast faster faster than
Shahada ya chini expensive / often less expensive / less often less expensive than / less often than
Isiyo ya kawaida good / well / bad / badly / far / much / many / little better / better / worse / worse / farther(further) / more / more / less better than / worse than
Your bag is heavier than mine.
Mfuko wako ni mzito kuliko wangu.
He arrived earlier than the others.
Alifika mapema kuliko wengine.
This road is far less busy at night.
Barabara hii huwa na shughuli kidogo sana usiku.

Comparatives Sheria

  • Tumia vivumishi na vielezi vya kulinganisha ili kulinganisha watu wawili, vitu, au matendo, au kuonyesha mabadiliko kwa muda.
    This room is brighter than the kitchen.
    Chumba hiki kina mwanga zaidi kuliko jikoni.
    I feel better today.
    Najisikia nafuu leo.
  • Kwa kawaida tunatumia than baada ya umbo la kulinganisha.
    Her answer was more accurate than mine.
    Jibu lake lilikuwa sahihi zaidi kuliko langu.
    Tom runs faster than Alex.
    Tom anakimbia kwa kasi zaidi kuliko Alex.
  • Tumia vivumishi vya kulinganisha kuelezea nomino, na vielezi vya kulinganisha kuelezea vitendo.
    This book is more useful than that one.
    Kitabu hiki kinafaa zaidi kuliko kile.
    She explained the rule more clearly than the video did.
    Alieleza sheria hiyo kwa uwazi zaidi kuliko video ilivyofanya.
  • Tumia less + adjective/adverb + than kuonyesha kiwango cha chini zaidi.
    This option is less risky than the first one.
    Chaguo hili lina hatari ndogo kuliko lile la kwanza.
    We travel less often than we used to.
    Tunasafiri mara chache kuliko tulivyokuwa tukisafiri zamani.
  • Tumia as + kivumishi/kielezi + as kwa ulinganisho wa usawa, na not as ... as kwa kutokuwa sawa. Usibadilishe kivumishi au kielezi kinachofuata baada ya as.
    My phone is as fast as yours.
    Simu yangu ni ya haraka kama yako.
    He doesn't speak English as confidently as his sister.
    Hazungumzi Kiingereza kwa kujiamini kama dada yake.
  • Tumia muundo the + comparative ..., the + comparative ... kuonyesha kwamba mabadiliko moja husababisha jingine.
    The more you read, the easier this grammar becomes.
    Kadiri unavyosoma zaidi, ndivyo sarufi hii inavyokuwa rahisi zaidi.
    The earlier we leave, the sooner we arrive.
    Kadiri tunavyoondoka mapema, ndivyo tunavyowasili mapema.
  • Mara nyingi tunaimarisha vilinganishi kwa maneno kama sana zaidi, kwa kiasi kikubwa, kwa kiasi kikubwa, au kuonyesha tofauti ndogo kwa kidogo, kidogo tu, kwa kiasi kidogo.
    This version is much better than the old one.
    Toleo hili ni bora zaidi kuliko lile la zamani.
    The blue sofa is a little cheaper than the grey one.
    Sofa ya bluu ni ya bei nafuu kidogo kuliko ile ya kijivu.
  • Baadhi ya vivumishi vya silabi mbili vinaweza kuwa na aina mbili sahihi za kulinganisha katika matumizi halisi, kwa mfano cleverer / more clever au narrower / more narrow. Katika maudhui ya wanaojifunza, ni bora kudumisha uthabiti.

Comparatives Makosa ya kawaida

❌ He is more taller than his brother.
✅ He is taller than his brother.
❌ English is more easy than Chinese.
✅ English is easier than Chinese.
❌ She drives carefullier than me.
✅ She drives more carefully than me.
❌ Kate learns as faster as Tom.
✅ Kate learns as fast as Tom.
❌ The more you practise, better you get.
✅ The more you practise, the better you get.
❌ My new phone is more better.
✅ My new phone is better.

Comparatives Sentensi

My sister is younger than me.
Dada yangu ni mdogo kuliko mimi.
This test is more difficult than the last one.
Jaribio hili ni gumu zaidi kuliko lile la mwisho.
Winter in the mountains is much colder than winter by the sea.
Majira ya baridi milimani ni baridi zaidi kuliko majira ya baridi kando ya bahari.
He works more efficiently than he did last year.
Anafanya kazi kwa ufanisi zaidi kuliko alivyofanya mwaka jana.
Our new office is less noisy than the old one.
Ofisi yetu mpya ina kelele kidogo kuliko ile ya zamani.
I get up earlier than my parents on weekdays.
Mimi huamka mapema zaidi kuliko wazazi wangu siku za kazi.
This café is as popular as the restaurant across the street.
Kahawa hii ni maarufu kama mgahawa ulioko ng'ambo ya barabara.
Your explanation was far clearer than mine.
Maelezo yako yalikuwa wazi zaidi kuliko yangu.
The more examples you read, the more confident you feel.
Kadiri unavyosoma mifano mingi, ndivyo unavyojihisi kuwa na uhakika zaidi.
Today the traffic is worse than yesterday.
Leo msongamano wa magari ni mbaya zaidi kuliko jana.

Mazoezi ya sarufi ya Kiingereza yanayopatikana kwenye programu

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural