Conjunctions: sentensi, mazoezi, mitihani na mifano

Viunganishi ni maneno ya kazi yanayounganisha maneno, vifungu au sentensi. Husaidia kuunganisha mawazo kwa mantiki na kufanya lugha iwe nyepesi na wazi.

I like cooking and eating, but I don’t like washing the dishes.
Ninapenda kupika na kula, lakini sipendi kuosha vyombo.
She was tired, yet she finished the report.
Alikuwa amechoka, lakini alikamilisha ripoti.

Coordinating conjunctions

Viunganishi vya uratibu huunganisha maneno, misemo au virai huru vilivyo na uzito au muundo sawa.
Viunganishi hivi hukumbukwa mara nyingi kwa kifupi FANBOYS:
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
I stayed at home, for it was raining outside.
Nilikaa nyumbani, kwa maana mvua ilikuwa ikinyesha nje.
She bought apples and oranges for the picnic.
Alinunua maapulo na machungwa kwa ajili ya pikiniki.
He doesn’t eat meat, nor does he drink milk.
Yeye hali nyama, wala hanywi maziwa.
I wanted to go for a walk, but I felt too tired.
Nilitaka kwenda kutembea, lakini nilihisi nimechoka sana.
We can watch a movie or play a board game.
Tunaweza kutazama filamu au kucheza mchezo wa ubao.
She studied hard, yet she didn’t pass the exam.
Alisoma kwa bidii, lakini hakufaulu mtihani.
It started to get dark, so we headed home.
Ilianza kuwa giza, kwa hiyo tukarejea nyumbani.

Correlative conjunctions

Viunganishi vya kufungamana ni jozi za maneno zinazofanya kazi pamoja ili kuunganisha miundo ya kisarufi sambamba.
Jozi za kawaida: both ... and ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., whether ... or ..., not only ... but also ...
She is both talented and creative.
Yeye ni mwenye kipaji na mbunifu pia.
You can either stay here or come with us.
Unaweza kubaki hapa au kuja pamoja nasi.
He likes neither swimming nor running.
Hapendi kuogelea wala kukimbia.
Whether you agree or not, we have to make a decision.
Iwe unakubali au la, lazima tufanye uamuzi.
She not only finished the project but also presented it perfectly.
Hakumaliza tu mradi bali pia aliuwasilisha kwa ukamilifu.

Subordinating conjunctions

Viunganishi vya utegemezi huanzisha kirai tegemezi na kuonyesha uhusiano wake na kirai kuu — sababu, wakati, utofauti, sharti au matokeo.
Viunganishi: because, since, if, unless, before, after, when, that, as, although, though, until, while, whereas, even though, once
We stayed inside because it was cold.
Tulibaki ndani kwa sababu kulikuwa na baridi.
Since you’re here, let’s start.
Kwa kuwa uko hapa, hebu tuanze.
Call me if you need help.
Nipigie simu ukihitaji msaada.
We won’t start unless everyone is ready.
Hatutaaanza hadi kila mtu awe tayari.
Wash your hands before you eat.
Nawa mikono yako kabla ya kula.
We’ll talk after we finish work.
Tutaongea baada ya kumaliza kazi.
Text me when you arrive.
Nitumie ujumbe mfupi utakapofika.
I know that you’re right.
Ninajua kuwa uko sahihi.
I stayed home as I wasn’t feeling well.
Nilikaa nyumbani kwa kuwa sikuwa najisikia vizuri.
Although it was late, we kept talking.
Ingawa ilikuwa kuchelewa, tuliendelea kuzungumza.
She smiled, though she was tired.
Alitabasamu, ingawa alikuwa amechoka.
Wait here until I return.
Subiri hapa hadi nirudi.
He was cooking while she was setting the table.
Alikuwa akipika ilhali yeye alikuwa akiandaa meza.
He likes tea, whereas she prefers coffee.
Yeye anapenda chai, ilhali yeye anapendelea kahawa.
Even though it was raining, we continued our hike.
Ingawa ilikuwa inanyesha, tuliendelea na matembezi yetu ya milimani.
Once you finish your homework, you can play video games.
Ukimaliza kazi yako ya nyumbani, unaweza kucheza michezo ya video.

Conjunctive adverbs

Vielezi vya kiunganishi vinaunganisha vifungu viwili huru na kuonyesha uhusiano kati yao — utofauti, matokeo, nyongeza au muda. Kwa kawaida vinakuja baada ya nukta mkato na hufuatiwa na koma.
Vielezi vya kiunganishi vinavyotumika sana: however, therefore, moreover, consequently, furthermore, nevertheless, meanwhile, thus, otherwise, instead, as a result, in addition
It was raining; however, we decided to go out.
Ilikuwa inanyesha; hata hivyo, tuliamua kutoka nje.
He forgot his keys; therefore, he couldn’t enter the house.
Alisahau funguo zake; kwa hiyo, hakuweza kuingia ndani ya nyumba.
She speaks three languages; moreover, she teaches French.
Anaongea lugha tatu; zaidi ya hayo, anafundisha Kifaransa.
The road was blocked; consequently, we had to take a detour.
Barabara ilikuwa imezibwa; kwa hiyo tulilazimika kuchukua njia ya mzunguko.
The restaurant was full; furthermore, we hadn’t booked a table.
Mgahawa ulikuwa umejaa; zaidi ya hayo, hatukuwa tumebakisha meza.
He was tired; nevertheless, he kept working.
Alikuwa amechoka; hata hivyo, aliendelea kufanya kazi.
She cooked dinner; meanwhile, he cleaned the kitchen.
Alipika chakula cha jioni; wakati huo huo, yeye alisafisha jikoni.
The experiment failed; thus, we had to try again.
Jaribio liligonga mwamba; hivyo, tukalazimika kujaribu tena.
We must hurry; otherwise, we’ll miss the train.
Lazima tuhimize; vinginevyo tutakosa treni.
He didn’t buy a new phone; instead, he repaired the old one.
Hakununua simu mpya; badala yake, alitengeneza ile ya zamani.
She didn’t study for the test; as a result, she failed it.
Hakusoma kwa ajili ya mtihani; matokeo yake, alifeli.
The hotel offers free breakfast; in addition, guests can access the gym.
Hoteli inatoa kifungua kinywa bila malipo; zaidi ya hayo, wageni wanaweza kutumia ukumbi wa mazoezi.

Mazoezi ya sarufi ya Kiingereza yanayopatikana kwenye programu

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech