Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. kanuni, mifano, mazoezi na mitihani

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. tunatumia

Kitu, chochote, hakuna kitu, n.k. ni viwakilishi visivyo bainifu. Vinatusaidia kuzungumzia watu, vitu, au mahali tusipotaja mtu, kitu, au mahali hasa.

There is nothing interesting on TV, so I am going to read something.
Hakuna chochote cha kuvutia kwenye televisheni, kwa hiyo nitaenda kusoma kitu fulani.

Are you doing anything interesting tonight?
Je, unafanya jambo lolote la kuvutia usiku wa leo?

Nobody came to Jeff's party because he didn't tell anyone the date.
Hakuna aliyekuja kwenye sherehe ya Jeff kwa sababu hakumwambia mtu yeyote tarehe hiyo.

I want to go somewhere warm.
Nataka kwenda mahali penye joto.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Fomu

Maneno haya yanafuata muundo rahisi: some / any / no / every + tamati ya mtu, kitu, au mahali.

Maana	some-	any-	no-	every-
watu	someone somebody	anyone anybody	no one nobody	everyone everybody
vitu / ukweli / vitendo	something	anything	nothing	everything
maeneo	somewhere	anywhere	nowhere	everywhere

-body na -one karibu kila mara humaanisha kitu kilekile: somebody = someone, anybody = anyone, nobody = no one.
Hakuna mtu kwa kawaida huandikwa kama maneno mawili. Noone ni kosa.
Viwakilishi hivi kwa kawaida huchukua kitenzi cha umoja: Kila mtu ni..., Kitu fulani ni..., Hakuna anayejua...

I saw somebody on the roof.
Nilimwona mtu fulani juu ya paa.

Do you know anyone famous?
Unamjua mtu yeyote maarufu?

She didn't buy anything.
Hakununua chochote.

There is nothing to eat.
Hakuna cha kula.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Sheria

Maneno yenye some- hutumiwa mara nyingi katika sentensi chanya tunapozungumzia mtu, kitu, au mahali pasipo bainishwa.
Someone is at the door.
Kuna mtu mlangoni.

Ann had to buy something new.
Ann alilazimika kununua kitu kipya.

Let's go somewhere quiet.
Twende mahali penye utulivu.
Maneno yenye any- hutumika mara nyingi zaidi katika sentensi hasi na maswali ya kawaida.
She couldn't find anything suitable in her closet.
Hakuweza kupata chochote kinachofaa katika kabati lake la nguo.

Has anybody seen my keys?
Je, kuna mtu yeyote ameona funguo zangu?

I can't find my dog anywhere.
Siwezi kumpata mbwa wangu popote.
Katika sentensi chanya, anyone / anything / anywhere vinaweza kumaanisha “mtu yeyote / kitu chochote / mahali popote”.
Anyone can learn English with enough practice.
Mtu yeyote anaweza kujifunza Kiingereza kwa mazoezi ya kutosha.

You can choose anything from this menu.
Unaweza kuchagua chochote kutoka kwenye menyu hii.

We can sit anywhere you like.
Tunaweza kukaa popote unapopenda.
Maneno yenye no- tayari ni ya kukanusha, hivyo kwa kawaida huyatumia pamoja na umbo chanya la kitenzi.
no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere + positive verb

Nothing happened.
Hakuna kilichotokea.

I have nobody to talk to.
Sina mtu wa kuzungumza naye.

There was nowhere to park.
Hakukuwa na mahali pa kuegesha.
Maneno yenye every- humaanisha “watu wote / vitu vyote / mahali pote”, lakini kisarufi kwa kawaida huchukua kitenzi cha umoja.
Everyone likes this teacher.
Kila mtu anampenda mwalimu huyu.

Everything is ready for the party.
Kila kitu kiko tayari kwa ajili ya sherehe.

There are toys everywhere.
Kuna vitu vya kuchezea kila mahali.
Kivumishi huja baada ya kiwakilishi kisicho bainifu: kitu fulani cha kuvutia, mtu yeyote maarufu, mahali fulani pa joto.
There is nothing interesting on TV.
Hakuna kitu cha kuvutia kwenye TV.

I want to buy something useful.
Ninataka kununua kitu chenye manufaa.

Do you know anyone famous?
Unamjua mtu yeyote maarufu?
Mara nyingi tunatumia to + kitenzi asilia baada ya viwakilishi hivi: kitu cha kunywa, hakuna cha kufanya, mtu wa kusaidia.
I'd like something to drink, please.
Ningependa kitu cha kunywa, tafadhali.

There is nothing to do in this town.
Hakuna cha kufanya katika mji huu.

We need someone to explain the rules.
Tunahitaji mtu wa kueleza sheria.
Else huja baada ya kiwakilishi kisicho bainifu na humaanisha “kingine / vingine / zaidi”.
Can I ask you something else?
Naweza kukuuliza kitu kingine?

No one else knew the answer.
Hakuna mtu mwingine aliyejua jibu hilo.

If Tom can't come, we'll ask somebody else.
Ikiwa Tom hawezi kuja, tutamwomba mtu mwingine.
Tunaweza kuongeza 's kuonyesha umilikaji: begi la mtu fulani, koti la yeyote, simu ya mtu mwingine.
This is somebody's notebook.
Hiki ni daftari la mtu fulani.

Is this anybody's coat?
Je, hii ni koti ya mtu yeyote?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Kukanusha

Kwa Kiingereza, kwa kawaida hatutumii vikanushi viwili katika sentensi moja rahisi. Kwa hiyo tunachagua muundo mmoja: ama kitenzi cha kukanusha + any- au kitenzi chanya + no-.

not + anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere
= no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere

✅ I didn't hear anything.

✅ I heard nothing.

✅ I don't know anyone in this town.

✅ I know no one in this town.

✅ We didn't go anywhere.

✅ We went nowhere.

Baada ya not / never / hardly / seldom, kwa kawaida tunatumia any-, si no-.

✅ I have never seen anything like this.

❌ I have never seen nothing like this.

✅ She hardly knows anyone here.

❌ She hardly knows no one here.
Ikiwa kiwakilishi cha kukanusha ndicho kiima, tumia no- na umbo chanya la kitenzi.

✅ Nobody came.

❌ Anybody didn't come.

✅ Nothing will change my mind.

❌ Not anything will change my mind.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Maswali

Katika maswali ya kawaida yasiyoegemea upande wowote, kwa kawaida tunatumia anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere. Katika maombi na matoleo, mara nyingi tunatumia some- kwa sababu tunatarajia jibu chanya au tunatoa msaada.

Is there + anything / anyone...?
Do / Did / Have + subject + anything / anyone / anywhere...?
Would you like + something...?
Can someone / somebody + verb...?

Is there anything in the bag?
Je, kuna kitu chochote ndani ya begi?

Did you meet anyone at the party?
Je, ulikutana na mtu yeyote kwenye sherehe?

Have you seen my keys anywhere?
Je, umeona funguo zangu mahali popote?

Would you like something to eat?
Je, ungependa kula kitu?

Can somebody help me?
Je, kuna mtu anaweza kunisaidia?

Are you looking for someone?
Unatafuta mtu fulani?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Makosa ya kawaida

Makosa ya kawaida zaidi ni kauli hasi mbili, nafasi isiyo sahihi ya kivumishi, vitenzi vya wingi baada ya everyone / everything, na tahajia ya no one.

❌ I didn't see nothing.

✅ I didn't see anything.

✅ I saw nothing.

❌ Nobody didn't come.

✅ Nobody came.

❌ There isn't nowhere to sit.

✅ There isn't anywhere to sit.

✅ There is nowhere to sit.

❌ I don't know nobody here.

✅ I don't know anybody here.

✅ I know nobody here.

❌ I need interesting something to read.

✅ I need something interesting to read.

❌ Do you know someone here? (neutral question)

✅ Do you know anyone here?

✅ Are you looking for someone? (expected answer: yes)

❌ Everyone are ready.

✅ Everyone is ready.

❌ Everything were expensive.

✅ Everything was expensive.

❌ Noone called me.

✅ No one called me.

✅ Nobody called me.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Sentensi

Someone left a message for you.
Mtu fulani ameacha ujumbe kwa ajili yako.

I need something for my headache.
Nahitaji kitu cha kutuliza maumivu ya kichwa yangu.

Let's go somewhere quiet after work.
Twende mahali tulivu baada ya kazi.

Did anyone call while I was out?
Je, kuna mtu yeyote aliyepiga simu nilipokuwa nje?

There isn't anything in the fridge.
Hakuna chochote kwenye friji.

I couldn't find my wallet anywhere.
Sikuweza kupata pochi yangu popote.

Nobody knew the answer.
Hakuna aliyejua jibu hilo.

There was nothing that could fit her.
Hakukuwa na kitu chochote ambacho kingemtoshea.

There is nowhere to park near the school.
Hakuna mahali pa kuegesha karibu na shule.

Everyone was happy with the result.
Kila mtu alifurahia matokeo hayo.

Everything looks different in the morning.
Kila kitu kinaonekana tofauti asubuhi.

There were flowers everywhere.
Kulikuwa na maua kila mahali.

I want to tell you something important.
Nataka kukuambia jambo muhimu.

She didn't meet anyone interesting at the conference.
Hakukutana na mtu yeyote wa kuvutia kwenye mkutano huo.

We have nothing to lose.
Hatuna cha kupoteza.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Mifano

A: Is there anything interesting on TV?

B: No, there is nothing interesting. Let's read something instead.

A: Did anyone come to the party?

B: No, nobody came because Jeff didn't tell anyone the date.

A: Would you like something to drink?

B: Yes, please. Do you have anything cold?

A: I can't find my keys anywhere.

B: Maybe they are somewhere in the kitchen.

A: Can someone explain this rule?

B: Yes. Everyone needs to understand the difference between anything and nothing.

Ann needed something to wear, but she couldn't find anything suitable, so she bought something new.
Ann alihitaji kitu cha kuvaa, lakini hakuweza kupata chochote kinachofaa, hivyo alinunua kitu kipya.

I don't know anyone in this town, but I hope to meet someone nice soon.
Sijui mtu yeyote katika mji huu, lakini ninatumaini kukutana na mtu mzuri hivi karibuni.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc.: sentensi, mazoezi, mitihani na mifano

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. tunatumia

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Fomu

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Sheria

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Kukanusha

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Maswali

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Makosa ya kawaida

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Sentensi

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Mifano

Fanya mazoezi sasa hivi

Kazi nzuri!

Mazoezi ya sarufi ya Kiingereza yanayopatikana kwenye programu

Tenses

Adjectives/Adverbs

Conditionals

Pronouns

Sentences

Verbs

Modals

Nouns and Articles