Something, Anything, Nothing, etc.: ayat, latihan, ujian dan contoh

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. menggunakan

Sesuatu, apa-apa, tiada apa-apa, dan sebagainya. ialah kata ganti nama tak tentu. Kata-kata ini membantu kita bercakap tentang orang, benda, atau tempat apabila kita tidak menyatakan orang, benda, atau tempat yang tepat.

There is nothing interesting on TV, so I am going to read something.
Tiada apa-apa yang menarik di TV, jadi saya akan membaca sesuatu.
Are you doing anything interesting tonight?
Adakah awak melakukan apa-apa yang menarik malam ini?
Nobody came to Jeff's party because he didn't tell anyone the date.
Tiada siapa datang ke parti Jeff kerana dia tidak memberitahu sesiapa pun tarikhnya.
I want to go somewhere warm.
Saya mahu pergi ke tempat yang hangat.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Bentuk

Perkataan ini mengikuti pola yang mudah: some / any / no / every + akhiran untuk orang, benda, atau tempat.

Maksud some- any- no- every-
orang someone
somebody		 anyone
anybody		 no one
nobody		 everyone
everybody
perkara / fakta / tindakan something anything nothing everything
tempat somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
  • -body dan -one hampir selalu membawa maksud yang sama: somebody = someone, anybody = anyone, nobody = no one.
  • No one biasanya ditulis sebagai dua perkataan. Noone ialah satu kesilapan.
  • Kata ganti nama ini biasanya mengambil kata kerja tunggal: Everyone is..., Something is..., Nobody knows...
I saw somebody on the roof.
Saya nampak seseorang di atas bumbung.
Do you know anyone famous?
Adakah anda mengenali sesiapa yang terkenal?
She didn't buy anything.
Dia tidak membeli apa-apa pun.
There is nothing to eat.
Tiada apa-apa untuk dimakan.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Peraturan

  • Perkataan dengan some- paling kerap digunakan dalam ayat positif apabila kita bercakap tentang orang, benda, atau tempat yang tidak ditentukan.
    Someone is at the door.
    Seseorang ada di pintu.
    Ann had to buy something new.
    Ann terpaksa membeli sesuatu yang baharu.
    Let's go somewhere quiet.
    Mari kita pergi ke tempat yang tenang.
  • Perkataan yang mempunyai any- paling kerap digunakan dalam ayat negatif dan soalan neutral.
    She couldn't find anything suitable in her closet.
    Dia tidak dapat menemukan apa-apa yang sesuai di dalam almarinya.
    Has anybody seen my keys?
    Ada sesiapa nampak kunci saya?
    I can't find my dog anywhere.
    Saya tidak dapat mencari anjing saya di mana-mana.
  • Dalam ayat positif, anyone / anything / anywhere boleh bermaksud “mana-mana orang / mana-mana benda / mana-mana tempat”.
    Anyone can learn English with enough practice.
    Sesiapa sahaja boleh belajar bahasa Inggeris dengan latihan yang mencukupi.
    You can choose anything from this menu.
    Anda boleh memilih apa sahaja daripada menu ini.
    We can sit anywhere you like.
    Kita boleh duduk di mana-mana sahaja yang awak suka.
  • Perkataan yang mempunyai no- sudah pun berbentuk negatif, jadi kita biasanya menggunakannya dengan bentuk kata kerja positif.

    no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere + positive verb

    Nothing happened.
    Tiada apa-apa yang berlaku.
    I have nobody to talk to.
    Saya tiada sesiapa untuk diajak bercakap.
    There was nowhere to park.
    Tiada tempat untuk meletak kereta.
  • Perkataan dengan every- bermaksud “semua orang / semua benda / semua tempat”, tetapi dari segi tatabahasa ia biasanya menggunakan kata kerja tunggal.
    Everyone likes this teacher.
    Semua orang suka guru ini.
    Everything is ready for the party.
    Semuanya sudah siap untuk parti itu.
    There are toys everywhere.
    Mainan ada di mana-mana.
  • Kata adjektif datang selepas kata ganti nama tak tentu: sesuatu yang menarik, sesiapa yang terkenal, suatu tempat yang hangat.
    There is nothing interesting on TV.
    Tiada apa-apa yang menarik di TV.
    I want to buy something useful.
    Saya mahu membeli sesuatu yang berguna.
    Do you know anyone famous?
    Adakah anda mengenali sesiapa yang terkenal?
  • Kita sering menggunakan to + infinitif selepas kata ganti nama ini: sesuatu untuk diminum, tiada apa-apa untuk dilakukan, seseorang untuk membantu.
    I'd like something to drink, please.
    Saya mahu sesuatu untuk diminum, tolong.
    There is nothing to do in this town.
    Tiada apa yang boleh dilakukan di bandar ini.
    We need someone to explain the rules.
    Kami memerlukan seseorang untuk menerangkan peraturannya.
  • Else datang selepas kata ganti nama tak tentu dan bermaksud “yang lain / lain / lagi”.
    Can I ask you something else?
    Boleh saya tanya awak sesuatu yang lain?
    No one else knew the answer.
    Tiada orang lain yang tahu jawapannya.
    If Tom can't come, we'll ask somebody else.
    Jika Tom tidak dapat datang, kami akan meminta orang lain.
  • Kita boleh menambah 's untuk menunjukkan pemilikan: beg seseorang, kot sesiapa pun, telefon orang lain seseorang.
    This is somebody's notebook.
    Ini ialah buku nota seseorang.
    Is this anybody's coat?
    Adakah ini kot sesiapa?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Penafian

Dalam bahasa Inggeris, biasanya kita tidak menggunakan dua bentuk negatif dalam satu ayat mudah. Jadi kita memilih satu pola: sama ada kata kerja negatif + any- atau kata kerja positif + no-.

not + anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere
= no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere

✅ I didn't hear anything.
✅ I heard nothing.
✅ I don't know anyone in this town.
✅ I know no one in this town.
✅ We didn't go anywhere.
✅ We went nowhere.
  • Selepas not / never / hardly / seldom, kita biasanya menggunakan any-, bukan no-.
    ✅ I have never seen anything like this.
    ❌ I have never seen nothing like this.
    ✅ She hardly knows anyone here.
    ❌ She hardly knows no one here.
  • Jika kata ganti nama negatif ialah subjek, gunakan no- dan bentuk kata kerja positif.
    ✅ Nobody came.
    ❌ Anybody didn't come.
    ✅ Nothing will change my mind.
    ❌ Not anything will change my mind.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Soalan-soalan

Dalam soalan neutral, kita biasanya menggunakan anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere. Dalam permintaan dan tawaran, kita sering menggunakan some- kerana kita menjangkakan jawapan yang positif atau menawarkan bantuan.

Is there + anything / anyone...?
Do / Did / Have + subject + anything / anyone / anywhere...?
Would you like + something...?
Can someone / somebody + verb...?

Is there anything in the bag?
Adakah apa-apa di dalam beg itu?
Did you meet anyone at the party?
Adakah anda bertemu sesiapa di majlis itu?
Have you seen my keys anywhere?
Adakah anda nampak kunci saya di mana-mana?
Would you like something to eat?
Adakah anda mahu sesuatu untuk dimakan?
Can somebody help me?
Boleh seseorang tolong saya?
Are you looking for someone?
Adakah anda sedang mencari seseorang?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Kesilapan biasa

Kesilapan yang paling biasa ialah penafian berganda, kedudukan kata adjektif yang salah, kata kerja jamak selepas everyone / everything, dan ejaan no one.

❌ I didn't see nothing.
✅ I didn't see anything.
✅ I saw nothing.
❌ Nobody didn't come.
✅ Nobody came.
❌ There isn't nowhere to sit.
✅ There isn't anywhere to sit.
✅ There is nowhere to sit.
❌ I don't know nobody here.
✅ I don't know anybody here.
✅ I know nobody here.
❌ I need interesting something to read.
✅ I need something interesting to read.
❌ Do you know someone here? (neutral question)
✅ Do you know anyone here?
✅ Are you looking for someone? (expected answer: yes)
❌ Everyone are ready.
✅ Everyone is ready.
❌ Everything were expensive.
✅ Everything was expensive.
❌ Noone called me.
✅ No one called me.
✅ Nobody called me.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Ayat-ayat

Someone left a message for you.
Seseorang meninggalkan pesanan untuk anda.
I need something for my headache.
Saya perlukan sesuatu untuk sakit kepala saya.
Let's go somewhere quiet after work.
Mari pergi ke tempat yang tenang selepas kerja.
Did anyone call while I was out?
Adakah sesiapa menelefon semasa saya tiada?
There isn't anything in the fridge.
Tiada apa-apa di dalam peti sejuk.
I couldn't find my wallet anywhere.
Saya tidak dapat mencari dompet saya di mana-mana.
Nobody knew the answer.
Tiada siapa yang tahu jawapannya.
There was nothing that could fit her.
Tiada apa-apa yang sesuai untuknya.
There is nowhere to park near the school.
Tiada tempat untuk meletak kereta berhampiran sekolah itu.
Everyone was happy with the result.
Semua orang gembira dengan hasilnya.
Everything looks different in the morning.
Segala-galanya kelihatan berbeza pada waktu pagi.
There were flowers everywhere.
Terdapat bunga di mana-mana.
I want to tell you something important.
Saya mahu memberitahu anda sesuatu yang penting.
She didn't meet anyone interesting at the conference.
Dia tidak bertemu sesiapa yang menarik di persidangan itu.
We have nothing to lose.
Kita tiada apa-apa untuk kehilangan.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Contoh-contoh

A: Is there anything interesting on TV?
B: No, there is nothing interesting. Let's read something instead.
A: Did anyone come to the party?
B: No, nobody came because Jeff didn't tell anyone the date.
A: Would you like something to drink?
B: Yes, please. Do you have anything cold?
A: I can't find my keys anywhere.
B: Maybe they are somewhere in the kitchen.
A: Can someone explain this rule?
B: Yes. Everyone needs to understand the difference between anything and nothing.
Ann needed something to wear, but she couldn't find anything suitable, so she bought something new.
Ann memerlukan sesuatu untuk dipakai, tetapi dia tidak dapat mencari apa-apa yang sesuai, jadi dia membeli sesuatu yang baharu.
I don't know anyone in this town, but I hope to meet someone nice soon.
Saya tidak mengenali sesiapa pun di bandar ini, tetapi saya berharap dapat bertemu seseorang yang baik tidak lama lagi.

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Latihan tatabahasa Inggeris yang tersedia dalam aplikasi

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural