Something, Anything, Nothing, etc.: teikumi, vingrinājumi, testi un piemēri

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. izmantojam

Kaut kas, jebkas, nekas utt. ir nenoteiktie vietniekvārdi. Tie palīdz mums runāt par cilvēkiem, lietām vai vietām, kad mēs nenosaucam tieši konkrēto personu, priekšmetu vai vietu.

There is nothing interesting on TV, so I am going to read something.
Televīzijā nav nekā interesanta, tāpēc es iešu kaut ko palasīt.
Are you doing anything interesting tonight?
Vai šovakar dari kaut ko interesantu?
Nobody came to Jeff's party because he didn't tell anyone the date.
Neviens neatnāca uz Džefa ballīti, jo viņš nevienam nepateica datumu.
I want to go somewhere warm.
Es gribu doties uz kādu siltu vietu.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Forma

Šie vārdi atbilst vienkāršam modelim: some / any / no / every + galotne personai, lietai vai vietai.

Nozīme some- any- no- every-
cilvēki someone
somebody		 anyone
anybody		 no one
nobody		 everyone
everybody
lietas / fakti / darbības something anything nothing everything
vietas somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
  • -body un -one gandrīz vienmēr nozīmē to pašu: somebody = someone, anybody = anyone, nobody = no one.
  • Neviens parasti tiek rakstīts kā divi vārdi. Noone ir kļūda.
  • Šie vietniekvārdi parasti prasa vienskaitļa darbības vārdu: Ikviens ir..., Kaut kas ir..., Neviens nezina...
I saw somebody on the roof.
Es redzēju kādu uz jumta.
Do you know anyone famous?
Vai tu pazīsti kādu slavenu cilvēku?
She didn't buy anything.
Viņa neko nenopirka.
There is nothing to eat.
Nav ko ēst.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Noteikums

  • Vārdi ar some- visbiežāk tiek lietoti apgalvojuma teikumos, kad runājam par nenoteiktu personu, lietu vai vietu.
    Someone is at the door.
    Kāds ir pie durvīm.
    Ann had to buy something new.
    Annai bija jānopērk kaut kas jauns.
    Let's go somewhere quiet.
    Dosimies kaut kur, kur ir kluss.
  • Vārdi ar any- visbiežāk tiek lietoti nolieguma teikumos un neitrālos jautājumos.
    She couldn't find anything suitable in her closet.
    Viņa nevarēja atrast neko piemērotu savā skapī.
    Has anybody seen my keys?
    Vai kāds ir redzējis manas atslēgas?
    I can't find my dog anywhere.
    Es nekur nevaru atrast savu suni.
  • Apstiprinošos teikumos anyone / anything / anywhere var nozīmēt “jebkura persona / jebkura lieta / jebkura vieta”.
    Anyone can learn English with enough practice.
    Ikviens var iemācīties angļu valodu ar pietiekamu praksi.
    You can choose anything from this menu.
    Jūs varat izvēlēties jebko no šīs ēdienkartes.
    We can sit anywhere you like.
    Mēs varam apsēsties, kur vien vēlies.
  • Vārdi ar no- jau ir noliegumā, tāpēc mēs parasti tos lietojam ar darbības vārda apstiprinošu formu.

    no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere + positive verb

    Nothing happened.
    Nekas nenotika.
    I have nobody to talk to.
    Man nav neviena, ar ko parunāt.
    There was nowhere to park.
    Nebija kur noparkoties.
  • Vārdi ar every- nozīmē “visi cilvēki / visas lietas / visas vietas”, bet gramatiski tie parasti prasa darbības vārdu vienskaitlī.
    Everyone likes this teacher.
    Visiem patīk šis skolotājs.
    Everything is ready for the party.
    Viss ir gatavs ballītei.
    There are toys everywhere.
    Rotaļlietas ir visur.
  • Īpašības vārds nāk pēc nenoteiktā vietniekvārda: kaut kas interesants, kāds slavens, kaut kur silts.
    There is nothing interesting on TV.
    Televīzijā nav nekā interesanta.
    I want to buy something useful.
    Es gribu nopirkt kaut ko noderīgu.
    Do you know anyone famous?
    Vai tu pazīsti kādu slavenu cilvēku?
  • Mēs bieži lietojam to + nenoteiksmi pēc šiem vietniekvārdiem: kaut ko iedzert, nav ko darīt, kādu, kas palīdzētu.
    I'd like something to drink, please.
    Es gribētu kaut ko iedzert, lūdzu.
    There is nothing to do in this town.
    Šajā pilsētā nav ko darīt.
    We need someone to explain the rules.
    Mums vajag kādu, kas izskaidrotu noteikumus.
  • Cits nāk pēc nenoteikta vietniekvārda un nozīmē “vēl viens / cits / vairāk”.
    Can I ask you something else?
    Vai es varu tev vēl kaut ko pajautāt?
    No one else knew the answer.
    Neviens cits nezināja atbildi.
    If Tom can't come, we'll ask somebody else.
    Ja Toms nevarēs atnākt, mēs lūgsim kādu citu.
  • Mēs varam pievienot 's, lai parādītu piederību: kāda soma, jebkura mētelis, kāda cita telefons.
    This is somebody's notebook.
    Šī ir kāda piezīmju grāmatiņa.
    Is this anybody's coat?
    Vai šis ir kāda mētelis?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Noliegums

Angļu valodā mēs parasti vienā vienkāršā teikumā nelietojam divus noliegumus. Tāpēc izvēlamies vienu modeli: vai nu noliegta darbības vārda forma + any-, vai apstiprinoša darbības vārda forma + no-.

not + anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere
= no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere

✅ I didn't hear anything.
✅ I heard nothing.
✅ I don't know anyone in this town.
✅ I know no one in this town.
✅ We didn't go anywhere.
✅ We went nowhere.
  • Pēc not / never / hardly / seldom mēs parasti lietojam any-, nevis no-.
    ✅ I have never seen anything like this.
    ❌ I have never seen nothing like this.
    ✅ She hardly knows anyone here.
    ❌ She hardly knows no one here.
  • Ja nolieguma vietniekvārds ir teikuma priekšmets, lietojiet no- un apgalvojuma darbības vārda formu.
    ✅ Nobody came.
    ❌ Anybody didn't come.
    ✅ Nothing will change my mind.
    ❌ Not anything will change my mind.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Jautājumi

Neitrālos jautājumos mēs parasti lietojam anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere. Lūgumos un piedāvājumos mēs bieži lietojam some-, jo sagaidām apstiprinošu atbildi vai piedāvājam palīdzību.

Is there + anything / anyone...?
Do / Did / Have + subject + anything / anyone / anywhere...?
Would you like + something...?
Can someone / somebody + verb...?

Is there anything in the bag?
Vai somā ir kaut kas?
Did you meet anyone at the party?
Vai tu ballītē kādu satiki?
Have you seen my keys anywhere?
Vai tu kaut kur esi redzējis manas atslēgas?
Would you like something to eat?
Vai tu gribētu kaut ko apēst?
Can somebody help me?
Vai kāds var man palīdzēt?
Are you looking for someone?
Vai jūs kādu meklējat?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Tipiskas kļūdas

Visbiežāk pieļautās kļūdas ir dubultais noliegums, nepareiza īpašības vārda vieta, daudzskaitļa darbības vārdi aiz everyone / everything un vārda no one rakstība.

❌ I didn't see nothing.
✅ I didn't see anything.
✅ I saw nothing.
❌ Nobody didn't come.
✅ Nobody came.
❌ There isn't nowhere to sit.
✅ There isn't anywhere to sit.
✅ There is nowhere to sit.
❌ I don't know nobody here.
✅ I don't know anybody here.
✅ I know nobody here.
❌ I need interesting something to read.
✅ I need something interesting to read.
❌ Do you know someone here? (neutral question)
✅ Do you know anyone here?
✅ Are you looking for someone? (expected answer: yes)
❌ Everyone are ready.
✅ Everyone is ready.
❌ Everything were expensive.
✅ Everything was expensive.
❌ Noone called me.
✅ No one called me.
✅ Nobody called me.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Teikumi

Someone left a message for you.
Kāds tev atstāja ziņu.
I need something for my headache.
Man vajag kaut ko pret galvassāpēm.
Let's go somewhere quiet after work.
Pēc darba dosimies kaut kur klusā vietā.
Did anyone call while I was out?
Vai kāds zvanīja, kamēr biju prom?
There isn't anything in the fridge.
Ledusskapī nekā nav.
I couldn't find my wallet anywhere.
Es nekur nevarēju atrast savu maku.
Nobody knew the answer.
Neviens nezināja atbildi.
There was nothing that could fit her.
Viņai nekas nederēja.
There is nowhere to park near the school.
Pie skolas nav kur novietot automašīnu.
Everyone was happy with the result.
Visi bija apmierināti ar rezultātu.
Everything looks different in the morning.
No rīta viss izskatās citādi.
There were flowers everywhere.
Visur bija ziedi.
I want to tell you something important.
Es gribu tev pateikt kaut ko svarīgu.
She didn't meet anyone interesting at the conference.
Viņa konferencē nesatika nevienu interesantu cilvēku.
We have nothing to lose.
Mums nav ko zaudēt.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Piemēri

A: Is there anything interesting on TV?
B: No, there is nothing interesting. Let's read something instead.
A: Did anyone come to the party?
B: No, nobody came because Jeff didn't tell anyone the date.
A: Would you like something to drink?
B: Yes, please. Do you have anything cold?
A: I can't find my keys anywhere.
B: Maybe they are somewhere in the kitchen.
A: Can someone explain this rule?
B: Yes. Everyone needs to understand the difference between anything and nothing.
Ann needed something to wear, but she couldn't find anything suitable, so she bought something new.
Annai vajadzēja kaut ko, ko vilkt, bet viņa nevarēja atrast neko piemērotu, tāpēc viņa nopirka kaut ko jaunu.
I don't know anyone in this town, but I hope to meet someone nice soon.
Es nepazīstu nevienu šajā pilsētā, bet ceru drīz satikt kādu jauku cilvēku.

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Something, Anything, Nothing, etc.
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Lietotnē pieejami angļu valodas gramatikas vingrinājumi

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural