Something, Anything, Nothing, etc.: mga pangungusap, pagsasanay, pagsusulit at halimbawa

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. ginagamit

Ang something, anything, nothing, atbp. ay mga hindi tiyak na panghalip. Tinutulungan tayo ng mga ito na pag-usapan ang mga tao, bagay, o lugar kapag hindi natin binabanggit ang eksaktong tao, bagay, o lugar.

There is nothing interesting on TV, so I am going to read something.
Walang kawili-wili sa TV, kaya magbabasa ako ng kung ano.
Are you doing anything interesting tonight?
May ginagawa ka bang interesante ngayong gabi?
Nobody came to Jeff's party because he didn't tell anyone the date.
Walang pumunta sa party ni Jeff dahil hindi niya sinabi kahit kanino ang petsa.
I want to go somewhere warm.
Gusto kong pumunta sa isang lugar na mainit.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Porma

Ang mga salitang ito ay sumusunod sa isang simpleng padron: some / any / no / every + isang hulapi para sa tao, bagay, o lugar.

Kahulugan some- any- no- every-
mga tao someone
somebody		 anyone
anybody		 no one
nobody		 everyone
everybody
mga bagay / mga katotohanan / mga kilos something anything nothing everything
mga lugar somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
  • Ang -body at -one ay halos palaging magkapareho ang kahulugan: somebody = someone, anybody = anyone, nobody = no one.
  • Ang no one ay karaniwang isinusulat bilang dalawang salita. Ang noone ay mali.
  • Karaniwang kumukuha ang mga panghalip na ito ng pandiwang isahan: Ang bawat isa ay..., May isang bagay na..., Walang nakaaalam...
I saw somebody on the roof.
May nakita akong tao sa bubong.
Do you know anyone famous?
May kilala ka bang sikat?
She didn't buy anything.
Wala siyang binili.
There is nothing to eat.
Walang makakain.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Batas

  • Ang mga salitang may some- ay kadalasang ginagamit sa mga pangungusap na positibo kapag tumutukoy tayo sa isang hindi tiyak na tao, bagay, o lugar.
    Someone is at the door.
    May tao sa pinto.
    Ann had to buy something new.
    Kinailangan ni Ann na bumili ng bagong bagay.
    Let's go somewhere quiet.
    Pumunta tayo sa isang tahimik na lugar.
  • Ang mga salitang may any- ay kadalasang ginagamit sa mga negatibong pangungusap at mga neutral na tanong.
    She couldn't find anything suitable in her closet.
    Wala siyang mahanap na anumang angkop sa kanyang aparador.
    Has anybody seen my keys?
    May nakakita ba ng mga susi ko?
    I can't find my dog anywhere.
    Hindi ko mahanap ang aso ko kahit saan.
  • Sa mga pangungusap na pasalaysay, ang anyone / anything / anywhere ay maaaring mangahulugang “sinumang tao / anumang bagay / anumang lugar”.
    Anyone can learn English with enough practice.
    Kahit sino ay maaaring matuto ng Ingles sa pamamagitan ng sapat na pagsasanay.
    You can choose anything from this menu.
    Maaari kang pumili ng kahit ano mula sa menu na ito.
    We can sit anywhere you like.
    Maaari tayong umupo kahit saan mo gusto.
  • Ang mga salitang may no- ay negatibo na, kaya karaniwan natin silang ginagamit kasama ng positibong anyo ng pandiwa.

    no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere + positive verb

    Nothing happened.
    Walang nangyari.
    I have nobody to talk to.
    Wala akong makausap.
    There was nowhere to park.
    Walang maparadahan.
  • Ang mga salitang may every- ay nangangahulugang “lahat ng tao / lahat ng bagay / lahat ng lugar”, ngunit sa gramatika ay karaniwan silang kumukuha ng pandiwang isahan.
    Everyone likes this teacher.
    Gusto ng lahat ang gurong ito.
    Everything is ready for the party.
    Handa na ang lahat para sa salu-salo.
    There are toys everywhere.
    May mga laruan kung saan-saan.
  • Ang pang-uri ay dumarating pagkatapos ng panghalip na di-tiyak: isang bagay na kawili-wili, sinumang sikat, isang lugar na mainit.
    There is nothing interesting on TV.
    Walang kawili-wili sa TV.
    I want to buy something useful.
    Gusto kong bumili ng isang kapaki-pakinabang na bagay.
    Do you know anyone famous?
    May kilala ka bang sikat?
  • Madalas nating gamitin ang to + infinitive pagkatapos ng mga panghalip na ito: something to drink, nothing to do, someone to help.
    I'd like something to drink, please.
    Gusto ko po ng maiinom, pakiusap.
    There is nothing to do in this town.
    Walang magawa sa bayang ito.
    We need someone to explain the rules.
    Kailangan namin ng isang taong magpapaliwanag ng mga patakaran.
  • Ang else ay sumusunod pagkatapos ng isang di-tiyak na panghalip at nangangahulugang “isa pa / iba / higit pa”.
    Can I ask you something else?
    May itatanong pa ba ako sa iyo?
    No one else knew the answer.
    Wala nang iba ang nakaaalam ng sagot.
    If Tom can't come, we'll ask somebody else.
    Kung hindi makakapunta si Tom, hihingi tayo ng tulong sa iba.
  • Maaari nating idagdag ang 's upang ipakita ang pag-aari: bag ng isang tao, amerikana ng sinuman, telepono ng ibang tao.
    This is somebody's notebook.
    Ito ay kuwaderno ng isang tao.
    Is this anybody's coat?
    Kanino bang amerikana ito?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Pagtanggi

Sa Ingles, karaniwan ay hindi tayo gumagamit ng dalawang negatibo sa isang payak na pangungusap. Kaya pumipili tayo ng isang padron: alinman sa negatibong pandiwa + any- o positibong pandiwa + no-.

not + anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere
= no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere

✅ I didn't hear anything.
✅ I heard nothing.
✅ I don't know anyone in this town.
✅ I know no one in this town.
✅ We didn't go anywhere.
✅ We went nowhere.
  • Pagkatapos ng not / never / hardly / seldom, karaniwan naming ginagamit ang any-, hindi ang no-.
    ✅ I have never seen anything like this.
    ❌ I have never seen nothing like this.
    ✅ She hardly knows anyone here.
    ❌ She hardly knows no one here.
  • Kung ang negatibong panghalip ang simuno, gamitin ang no- at isang positibong anyo ng pandiwa.
    ✅ Nobody came.
    ❌ Anybody didn't come.
    ✅ Nothing will change my mind.
    ❌ Not anything will change my mind.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Mga tanong

Sa mga neutral na tanong, karaniwan nating ginagamit ang anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere. Sa mga pakiusap at alok, madalas nating ginagamit ang some- dahil umaasa tayo sa positibong sagot o nag-aalok ng tulong.

Is there + anything / anyone...?
Do / Did / Have + subject + anything / anyone / anywhere...?
Would you like + something...?
Can someone / somebody + verb...?

Is there anything in the bag?
Mayroon bang anumang bagay sa bag?
Did you meet anyone at the party?
May nakilala ka ba sa party?
Have you seen my keys anywhere?
Nakita mo ba ang mga susi ko kahit saan?
Would you like something to eat?
Gusto mo ba ng makakain?
Can somebody help me?
May makakatulong ba sa akin?
Are you looking for someone?
May hinahanap ka bang tao?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Karaniwang pagkakamali

Ang mga pinakakaraniwang pagkakamali ay ang dobleng negatibo, maling posisyon ng pang-uri, mga pandiwang maramihan pagkatapos ng everyone / everything, at ang baybay ng no one.

❌ I didn't see nothing.
✅ I didn't see anything.
✅ I saw nothing.
❌ Nobody didn't come.
✅ Nobody came.
❌ There isn't nowhere to sit.
✅ There isn't anywhere to sit.
✅ There is nowhere to sit.
❌ I don't know nobody here.
✅ I don't know anybody here.
✅ I know nobody here.
❌ I need interesting something to read.
✅ I need something interesting to read.
❌ Do you know someone here? (neutral question)
✅ Do you know anyone here?
✅ Are you looking for someone? (expected answer: yes)
❌ Everyone are ready.
✅ Everyone is ready.
❌ Everything were expensive.
✅ Everything was expensive.
❌ Noone called me.
✅ No one called me.
✅ Nobody called me.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Mga pangungusap

Someone left a message for you.
May nag-iwan ng mensahe para sa iyo.
I need something for my headache.
Kailangan ko ng gamot para sa sakit ng ulo ko.
Let's go somewhere quiet after work.
Pumunta tayo sa isang tahimik na lugar pagkatapos ng trabaho.
Did anyone call while I was out?
May tumawag ba habang wala ako?
There isn't anything in the fridge.
Walang kahit ano sa refrigerator.
I couldn't find my wallet anywhere.
Hindi ko mahanap ang aking pitaka kahit saan.
Nobody knew the answer.
Walang nakaaalam ng sagot.
There was nothing that could fit her.
Walang anumang kasya sa kanya.
There is nowhere to park near the school.
Walang maparadahan malapit sa paaralan.
Everyone was happy with the result.
Masaya ang lahat sa naging resulta.
Everything looks different in the morning.
Iba ang lahat kapag umaga.
There were flowers everywhere.
May mga bulaklak sa lahat ng dako.
I want to tell you something important.
Mayroon akong gustong sabihin sa iyo na mahalaga.
She didn't meet anyone interesting at the conference.
Wala siyang nakilalang sinumang kawili-wili sa kumperensya.
We have nothing to lose.
Wala tayong dapat ipangamba.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Mga halimbawa

A: Is there anything interesting on TV?
B: No, there is nothing interesting. Let's read something instead.
A: Did anyone come to the party?
B: No, nobody came because Jeff didn't tell anyone the date.
A: Would you like something to drink?
B: Yes, please. Do you have anything cold?
A: I can't find my keys anywhere.
B: Maybe they are somewhere in the kitchen.
A: Can someone explain this rule?
B: Yes. Everyone needs to understand the difference between anything and nothing.
Ann needed something to wear, but she couldn't find anything suitable, so she bought something new.
Kailangan ni Ann ng maisusuot, ngunit wala siyang makitang angkop, kaya bumili siya ng bago.
I don't know anyone in this town, but I hope to meet someone nice soon.
Wala akong kakilala sa bayang ito, ngunit umaasa akong may makilala akong mabait sa lalong madaling panahon.

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Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural