Something, Anything, Nothing, etc.: lauseid, harjutusi, teste ja näiteid

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. kasutame

Miski, ükskõik mis, mitte miski jne. on umbmäärased asesõnad. Need aitavad meil rääkida inimestest, asjadest või kohtadest siis, kui me ei nimeta täpset isikut, eset ega kohta.

There is nothing interesting on TV, so I am going to read something.
Telekas ei ole midagi huvitavat, nii et ma hakkan midagi lugema.
Are you doing anything interesting tonight?
Kas sa teed täna õhtul midagi huvitavat?
Nobody came to Jeff's party because he didn't tell anyone the date.
Keegi ei tulnud Jeffi peole, sest ta ei öelnud kellelegi kuupäeva.
I want to go somewhere warm.
Ma tahan minna kuhugi sooja.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Vorm

Need sõnad järgivad lihtsat mustrit: some / any / no / every + lõpp inimese, asja või koha jaoks.

Tähendus some- any- no- every-
inimesed someone
somebody		 anyone
anybody		 no one
nobody		 everyone
everybody
asjad / faktid / tegevused something anything nothing everything
kohad somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
  • -keha ja -üks tähendavad peaaegu alati sama asja: somebody = someone, anybody = anyone, nobody = no one.
  • Mitte keegi kirjutatakse tavaliselt kahe sõnana. Noone on viga.
  • Need asesõnad võtavad tavaliselt ainsusliku verbi: Kõik on..., Miski on..., Keegi ei tea...
I saw somebody on the roof.
Ma nägin kedagi katusel.
Do you know anyone famous?
Kas sa tead kedagi kuulsat?
She didn't buy anything.
Ta ei ostnud midagi.
There is nothing to eat.
Midagi ei ole süüa.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Reegel

  • Sõnu, milles on some-, kasutatakse kõige sagedamini jaatavates lausetes, kui räägime määratlemata inimesest, asjast või kohast.
    Someone is at the door.
    Keegi on ukse taga.
    Ann had to buy something new.
    Ann pidi ostma midagi uut.
    Let's go somewhere quiet.
    Lähme kuhugi vaiksesse kohta.
  • Sõnu, mis algavad any--ga, kasutatakse kõige sagedamini eitavates lausetes ja neutraalsetes küsimustes.
    She couldn't find anything suitable in her closet.
    Ta ei leidnud oma riidekapist midagi sobivat.
    Has anybody seen my keys?
    Kas keegi on mu võtmeid näinud?
    I can't find my dog anywhere.
    Ma ei leia oma koera kusagilt.
  • Jaatavates lausetes võivad anyone / anything / anywhere tähendada „ükskõik milline inimene / ükskõik milline asi / ükskõik milline koht“.
    Anyone can learn English with enough practice.
    Igaüks võib piisava harjutamisega inglise keele selgeks õppida.
    You can choose anything from this menu.
    Sa võid valida sellest menüüst ükskõik mida.
    We can sit anywhere you like.
    Me võime istuda ükskõik kus sulle meeldib.
  • Sõnad, mis sisaldavad eesliidet no-, on juba eitavad, seega kasutame neid tavaliselt koos jaatava tegusõnavormiga.

    no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere + positive verb

    Nothing happened.
    Midagi ei juhtunud.
    I have nobody to talk to.
    Mul ei ole kedagi, kellega rääkida.
    There was nowhere to park.
    Polnud kuskile parkida.
  • Sõnad, mis sisaldavad every-, tähendavad „kõik inimesed / kõik asjad / kõik kohad“, kuid grammatiliselt nõuavad need tavaliselt ainsuslikku öeldist.
    Everyone likes this teacher.
    Kõigile meeldib see õpetaja.
    Everything is ready for the party.
    Kõik on peoks valmis.
    There are toys everywhere.
    Mänguasju on kõikjal.
  • Omadussõna tuleb umbmäärase asesõna järel: midagi huvitavat, keegi kuulus, kuskil soe.
    There is nothing interesting on TV.
    Telekast ei tule midagi huvitavat.
    I want to buy something useful.
    Ma tahan osta midagi kasulikku.
    Do you know anyone famous?
    Kas sa tead kedagi kuulsat?
  • Me kasutame sageli nende asesõnade järel vormi to + infinitiiv: midagi juua, mitte midagi teha, keegi appi.
    I'd like something to drink, please.
    Ma sooviksin midagi juua, palun.
    There is nothing to do in this town.
    Selles linnas pole midagi teha.
    We need someone to explain the rules.
    Me vajame kedagi, kes reegleid selgitaks.
  • Muu tuleb pärast umbmäärast asesõna ja tähendab „teine / muu / rohkem”.
    Can I ask you something else?
    Kas ma võin sinult midagi muud küsida?
    No one else knew the answer.
    Keegi teine ei teadnud vastust.
    If Tom can't come, we'll ask somebody else.
    Kui Tom ei saa tulla, siis palume kedagi teist.
  • Omastava tähenduse näitamiseks saame lisada 's: kellegi kott, ükskõik kelle mantel, kellegi teise telefon.
    This is somebody's notebook.
    See on kellegi märkmik.
    Is this anybody's coat?
    Kas see on kellegi mantel?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Eitus

Inglise keeles me tavaliselt ei kasuta ühes lihtlauses kaht eitust. Seega valime ühe mustri: kas eitav tegusõna + any- või jaatav tegusõna + no-.

not + anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere
= no one / nobody / nothing / nowhere

✅ I didn't hear anything.
✅ I heard nothing.
✅ I don't know anyone in this town.
✅ I know no one in this town.
✅ We didn't go anywhere.
✅ We went nowhere.
  • Pärast not / never / hardly / seldom kasutame tavaliselt any-, mitte no-.
    ✅ I have never seen anything like this.
    ❌ I have never seen nothing like this.
    ✅ She hardly knows anyone here.
    ❌ She hardly knows no one here.
  • Kui eitav asesõna on alus, kasuta no- ja jaatavat tegusõnavormi.
    ✅ Nobody came.
    ❌ Anybody didn't come.
    ✅ Nothing will change my mind.
    ❌ Not anything will change my mind.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Küsimused

Neutraalsetes küsimustes kasutame tavaliselt anyone / anybody / anything / anywhere. Palvetes ja pakkumistes kasutame sageli some-, sest ootame jaatavat vastust või pakume abi.

Is there + anything / anyone...?
Do / Did / Have + subject + anything / anyone / anywhere...?
Would you like + something...?
Can someone / somebody + verb...?

Is there anything in the bag?
Kas kotis on midagi?
Did you meet anyone at the party?
Kas sa kohtasid peol kedagi?
Have you seen my keys anywhere?
Kas sa oled mu võtmeid kuskil näinud?
Would you like something to eat?
Kas sa tahaksid midagi süüa?
Can somebody help me?
Kas keegi saab mind aidata?
Are you looking for someone?
Kas sa otsid kedagi?

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Tüüpilised vead

Kõige levinumad vead on topelteitused, omadussõna vale asukoht, mitmuses tegusõnad sõnade everyone / everything järel ning sõnaühendi no one õigekiri.

❌ I didn't see nothing.
✅ I didn't see anything.
✅ I saw nothing.
❌ Nobody didn't come.
✅ Nobody came.
❌ There isn't nowhere to sit.
✅ There isn't anywhere to sit.
✅ There is nowhere to sit.
❌ I don't know nobody here.
✅ I don't know anybody here.
✅ I know nobody here.
❌ I need interesting something to read.
✅ I need something interesting to read.
❌ Do you know someone here? (neutral question)
✅ Do you know anyone here?
✅ Are you looking for someone? (expected answer: yes)
❌ Everyone are ready.
✅ Everyone is ready.
❌ Everything were expensive.
✅ Everything was expensive.
❌ Noone called me.
✅ No one called me.
✅ Nobody called me.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Lausete

Someone left a message for you.
Keegi jättis sulle sõnumi.
I need something for my headache.
Mul on vaja midagi peavalu vastu.
Let's go somewhere quiet after work.
Lähme pärast tööd kuhugi vaiksesse kohta.
Did anyone call while I was out?
Kas keegi helistas, kui ma ära olin?
There isn't anything in the fridge.
Külmkapis ei ole midagi.
I couldn't find my wallet anywhere.
Ma ei leidnud oma rahakotti kusagilt.
Nobody knew the answer.
Keegi ei teadnud vastust.
There was nothing that could fit her.
Ei olnud midagi, mis talle sobiks.
There is nowhere to park near the school.
Kooli lähedal pole kuskil parkida.
Everyone was happy with the result.
Kõik olid tulemusega rahul.
Everything looks different in the morning.
Hommikul näeb kõik teistsugune välja.
There were flowers everywhere.
Lilli oli kõikjal.
I want to tell you something important.
Ma tahan sulle midagi olulist öelda.
She didn't meet anyone interesting at the conference.
Ta ei kohtunud konverentsil kellegagi huvitavaga.
We have nothing to lose.
Meil pole midagi kaotada.

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Näited

A: Is there anything interesting on TV?
B: No, there is nothing interesting. Let's read something instead.
A: Did anyone come to the party?
B: No, nobody came because Jeff didn't tell anyone the date.
A: Would you like something to drink?
B: Yes, please. Do you have anything cold?
A: I can't find my keys anywhere.
B: Maybe they are somewhere in the kitchen.
A: Can someone explain this rule?
B: Yes. Everyone needs to understand the difference between anything and nothing.
Ann needed something to wear, but she couldn't find anything suitable, so she bought something new.
Ann vajas midagi selga panna, kuid ta ei leidnud midagi sobivat, nii et ta ostis midagi uut.
I don't know anyone in this town, but I hope to meet someone nice soon.
Ma ei tunne selles linnas kedagi, aga ma loodan varsti kohtuda kellegi toredaga.

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Nõuanne

Kasuta seda harjutust, et kontrollida, kas oskad kasutada sõnu something, anything, nothing jne päris lauses.

Rakenduses saadaval olevad inglise keele grammatika harjutused

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Adjectives/Adverbs

Superlatives Comparatives Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Pronouns

Something, Anything, Nothing, etc. Quantifiers Demonstrative Pronouns Possessive 's Possessives Pronouns

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Modals

Should or Shouldn't May or Might and Infinitive Modal Verbs Can / Can't Speculation and Deduction

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural