Singular and Plural Nouns: sentensi, mazoezi, mitihani na mifano

Singular and Plural Nouns tunatumia

Umoja ni umbo la nomino tunapotaja mtu mmoja, kitu kimoja, au wazo moja: kitabu, tofaha.
Wingi ni umbo tunalotumia kunapokuwa na viwili au zaidi: vitabu, matofaha.
Mada hii inakusaidia kutumia umbo sahihi la nomino, kuchagua maneno kama a/an, kutengeneza maumbo ya wingi, na kulinganisha maneno kama this / that / these / those, it / they, na is / are.

It is a dictionary.
Ni kamusi.
This is a pen, and these are pens.
Hii ni kalamu, na hizi ni kalamu.

Singular and Plural Nouns Fomu

Nomino nyingi zinazohesabika zina umbo la umoja na la wingi. Nomino ya umoja inayohesabika kwa kawaida haiwezi kusimama peke yake bila neno kabla yake: mara nyingi hili huwa a/an, lakini linaweza pia kuwa the, this, that, my, na maneno mengine yanayofanana. Umbo la wingi kwa kawaida huundwa kwa -s au -es, lakini baadhi ya nomino zina wingi usio wa kawaida.

Singular: a pen, an apple, this book, that phone, my bag, it is ...
Plural: pens, apples, these books, those phones, my bags, they are ...

✅ It is a box.
✅ They are boxes.
✅ That is an old man.
✅ Those are old men.

Singular and Plural Nouns Sheria

  • Nomino ya kuhesabika ya umoja kwa kawaida huhitaji neno kabla yake. Mara nyingi hili huwa a/an, lakini pia linaweza kuwa the, this, that, my, na maneno mengine yanayofanana. Kwa kawaida tunatumia a kabla ya sauti ya konsonanti na an kabla ya sauti ya vokali.
    ✅ a pen
    ✅ a river
    ✅ an apple
    ✅ an elephant
    ✅ this book
    ✅ my phone
  • Ili kufanya nomino kuwa ya wingi, kwa kawaida tunaongeza -s.
    ✅ book → books
    ✅ dog → dogs
    ✅ phone → phones
  • Ikiwa nomino inaishia na -ch, -sh, -s, -ss, -x, kwa kawaida tunaongeza -es.
    ✅ watch → watches
    ✅ dish → dishes
    ✅ bus → buses
    ✅ box → boxes
  • Ikiwa nomino inaishia na konsonanti + y, kwa kawaida y hubadilika kuwa ies. Ikiwa kuna vokali kabla ya y, kwa kawaida tunaongeza tu -s.
    ✅ country → countries
    ✅ baby → babies
    ✅ boy → boys
    ✅ day → days
  • Baadhi ya nomino zinazoishia kwa -f au -fe huunda wingi kwa -ves.
    ✅ leaf → leaves
    ✅ wife → wives
    ✅ knife → knives
  • Tunatumia this / that pamoja na nomino za umoja na these / those pamoja na nomino za wingi. Kitenzi pia lazima kilingane: is kwa umoja na are kwa wingi.
    ✅ This is a pen.
    ✅ That is a phone.
    ✅ These are pens.
    ✅ Those are phones.
  • Baadhi ya nomino zina umbo la wingi lisilo la kawaida, kwa hiyo unahitaji kuzifunza.
    ✅ man → men
    ✅ woman → women
    ✅ child → children
    ✅ person → people

Singular and Plural Nouns Makosa ya kawaida

Makosa ya kawaida: kuacha neno linalotangulia nomino ya kuhesabika ya umoja, kuunda wingi kwa njia isiyo sahihi, na kuchanganya this / these, that / those, na is / are.

❌ Barcelona is big city.
✅ Barcelona is a big city.
❌ It is an box.
✅ It is a box.
❌ They are watchs.
✅ They are watches.
❌ Two countrys.
✅ Two countries.
❌ Two leafs.
✅ Two leaves.
❌ These is my book.
✅ This is my book.
❌ Those is phones.
✅ Those are phones.

Singular and Plural Nouns Sentensi

This is an interesting story.
Hii ni hadithi ya kuvutia.
They are my emails.
Hizo ni barua pepe zangu.
Those are new boxes.
Hayo ni masanduku mapya.
I can see a church and two buses.
Naweza kuona kanisa na mabasi mawili.
The boy has a toy, and the girls have toys.
Mvulana ana toy, na wasichana wana toys.
There is a child in the room, and there are three children outside.
Kuna mtoto mmoja ndani ya chumba, na kuna watoto watatu nje.

Singular and Plural Nouns Mifano

There is a book on the table and two notebooks in the bag.
Kuna kitabu juu ya meza na madaftari mawili ndani ya begi.
She has a child, and her sister has three children.
Ana mtoto mmoja, na dada yake ana watoto watatu.
I saw a man near the door and two women in the hall.
Nilimwona mwanaume karibu na mlango na wanawake wawili ndani ya ukumbi.
He adopted a dog and later rescued two cats.
Alimchukua mbwa wa kufuga na baadaye aliokoa paka wawili.
We picked a flower and bought some roses.
Tulichuma ua moja na kununua waridi kadhaa.
She found a key under the sofa and three coins in the drawer.
Alipata ufunguo chini ya sofa na sarafu tatu ndani ya droo.
There was a bus at the stop and many cars on the road.
Kulikuwa na basi kwenye kituo na magari mengi barabarani.
He wore a watch and carried two bags.
Alivaa saa ya mkononi na kubeba mifuko miwili.
I heard a strange noise and then several loud sounds.
Nilisikia sauti ya ajabu na kisha sauti kadhaa kubwa.
They visited a museum and later explored old buildings.
Walitembelea makumbusho na baadaye wakachunguza majengo ya zamani.

Mazoezi ya sarufi ya Kiingereza yanayopatikana kwenye programu

Tenses

Future Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Present Continuous Past Simple Past Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous Be going to

Conditionals

Second Conditional First Conditional Third Conditional Zero Conditional

Sentences

Relative Clauses Conjunctions Reported Speech There is / There are There was / There were

Verbs

Used to To be used to To get used to

Nouns and Articles

Countable and Uncountable Singular and Plural Nouns Uncountable and Plural